敦煌佛爷庙湾唐代模印塑像砖墓(五)--模印龙首犬身怪兽砖与有关问题  

A Study on the Tang Dynasty Brick Tombs with Impressed Statues or Motifs at the Foyemiaowan at Dunhuang——On the Bricks Impressed with a Dragon-headed,Dog-bodied Beast and Relevant Issues(Ⅴ)

作　　者：戴春阳[1] DAI Chunyang(Dunhuang Academy,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2020年第4期18-25,共8页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：敦煌佛爷庙湾M121墓室、甬道铺设了龙首犬身呈犬坐的怪兽模印砖,其造型怪异,为前所未见,其性质、名称均令人生疑。值得注意的是,上世纪50年代以来,中国北方地区陆续发现一批呈坐姿的以"龙"为主题的文物——"坐龙"。这些坐龙或出土于遗址或出土于墓葬,质料则有铜、陶之别。时代自唐代以降,下迄元代。经与史籍核稽,这类"坐龙"可分为两类:一是金代皇帝辂、辇之上的"坐龙"饰物;一是唐、元代墓葬所出为敦煌卷子所载之辟除凶邪的"伏龙"。In the main chamber and entrance corridor of Tomb M121 at Foyemiaowan,Dunhuang,several bricks impressed with the image of a crouched or seated dragon-headed,dog-bodied beast can be found.This artistic motif has never been seen before and the historical lineage and cultural source of the impressed image is difficult to ascertain.It is noteworthy that since the 1950 s,a group of cultural relics bearing images of seated dragons began to be discovered throughout northern China.The images were either found in ancient sites or in ancient tombs,were made of copper or clay,and can be roughly dated to a period from between the Tang and Yuan dynasties.An examination of these impressed bricks and other cultural relics with the same image suggests that this motif can be divided into two types,one depicting a seated dragon that resembles the image often used as decoration on the chariots or man-drawn carriages used by the emperors of the Jin dynasty,and another type that closely resembles the crouching dragon images unearthed in the tombs of the Tang and Yuan dynasties.Historical documents contemporary with this second type show that it was believed that this motif could ward off evil.

关 键 词：龙首犬身模印砖 坐龙 伏龙 辟殃除祸 

分 类 号：K879.44[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]