七鳃鳗:生物进化和疾病研究的重要模式动物  

Lamprey:an important animal model of evolution and disease research

作　　者：朱医高 李军[1,2] 逄越 李庆伟[1,2] Yigao Zhu;Jun Li;Yue Pang;Qingwei Li(College of Life Science,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,China;Lamprey Research Center,Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116081,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学生命科学学院,大连116081 [2]辽宁师范大学七鳃鳗研究中心,大连116081

出　　处：《遗传》2020年第9期847-857,共11页Hereditas（Beijing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:31772884);辽宁省海洋与渔业厅科研项目(编号:201805);大连市科技创新基金项目(编号:2018J12SN079);辽宁省科技项目(编号:2019-MS-218)资助。

摘　　要：七鳃鳗是现存的无颌类脊椎动物代表之一,距今已有5亿多年的历史,素有“活化石”之称。古老的七鳃鳗凭借独特的功能特征和进化地位吸引了众多学者的注意:在免疫系统方面,七鳃鳗具有不同于有颌类脊椎动物的适应性免疫系统和免疫分子;基于进化地位,七鳃鳗作为一种重要的发育进化模式动物可以解析脊椎动物进化保守性和衍生的特点,七鳃鳗大脑皮层为哺乳动物大脑皮层的进化提供蓝图;在疾病研究中,七鳃鳗作为脊髓损伤功能再生和胆道闭锁病理模型取得了阶段性成果。本文结合国内外相关报道,详细介绍了七鳃鳗的免疫分子、发育进化以及生理结构的研究进展,以期为深入开展七鳃鳗在动物遗传发育和生物医学领域的研究产生积极地推动作用。Lamprey is one representative of the extant jawless vertebrates,known as“living fossils”,with a history of more than 500 million years.The ancient lamprey has attracted the attention of many scholars due to its unique functional characteristics and evolutionary status.In terms of immune system,the lamprey has adaptive immune system and immune molecules different from those of jawed vertebrates.Based on the evolutionary status,lamprey is an important developmental and evolutionary animal model for analyses of evolutionary conservation and derivative characteristics of vertebrates.Lamprey pallium provides an evolutionary blueprint for mammalian cerebral cortex.In disease research,lamprey has provided various results as a pathological model of spinal cord injury and biliary atresia.In this review,the life cycle,immune molecules,developmental evolution and physiological structure of lamprey are presented in details in reference with relevant reports from China and abroad.We believe that in-depth studies of lamprey could promote an effective outcome(s)in the research on genetics of animal development and biomedicine.

关 键 词：七鳃鳗 生命周期 免疫分子 进化 疾病模型 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学]