油茶果实生长发育动态和木质素积累规律  

Fruit Development Dynamics and Lignin Accumulation Law of Oil Tea

作　　者：晏巢 姚小华[1] 殷恒福[1] 王开良[1] 尹润富[4] 滕建华 YAN Chao;YAO Xiao-hua;YIN Heng-fu;WANG Kai-liang;YIN Run-fu;TENG Jian-hua(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Fuyang,Zhejiang 331140,China;Nanjing Forestry University,College of Forestry,Nanjing 210037,China;Experimental Center for Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academyof Forestry,Fenyi,Jiangxi 336600,China;Dongfanghong Forest Farm of Zhejiang Province,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321025,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江富阳311400 [2]南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037 [3]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心,江西分宜336600 [4]浙江省金华市婺城区东方红林场,浙江金华321025

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2020年第4期788-801,共14页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1001602);浙江省农业(林木)新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02056-6);中国林业科学研究院院基金重点项目(CAFYBB2017ZA004-1);中国林业科学研究院院基金项目(CAFYBB2018QA005)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究6种不同油茶材料果实生长发育动态和木质素积累规律变化,鉴定油茶果实发育期,明确不同类型油茶果实形态差异形成过程以及木质素对油茶果实发育的影响。【方法】以小果油茶(Camellia meiocarpa)、攸县油茶(Camellia yuhsienensis)、普通油茶(Camellia oleifera)长林53号和长林166号、浙江红花油茶(Camellia chekiangoleosa)和茶梨油茶(Camellia octopetala)6种不同油茶材料为研究对象,对成熟油茶果实性状、果实生长发育动态以及木质素积累规律进行观测,结合观测结果对油茶果实发育时期进行了鉴定。【结果】不同类型油茶果实形态和质量相关指标均存在显著性差异,油茶果实鲜果含仁率从大到小依次为攸县油茶(19.72%)、普通油茶长林53号(16.99%)、小果油茶(14.85%)、普通油茶长林166号(12.32%)、浙江红花油茶(6.22%)和茶梨油茶(3.32%)。油茶果实发育都经历了类似S型的3个阶段:前期果实大小和质量变化缓慢,中期发育较快,后期逐渐平稳。浙江红花油茶和攸县油茶分别是果实成熟时期最早和最晚的油茶类型。小果油茶、普通茶油和茶梨油茶果实发育周期基本一致。不同类型油茶果实不同生长发育阶段的持续时间、形态和质量变化规律具有各自特点。油茶果皮发育经历了“增厚-延展”的过程,不同类型油茶果皮增厚与延展的起始时间、终止时间和持续时间存在一定差异,油茶果皮延展的时期与果实生长发育迅速的时间吻合。果皮发育以果皮完全木质化的时期作为分界线,可以分为增厚期和延展期。种子发育分别以种子填充种皮空间、种仁成型和种皮完全木质素化为分界线,分为发育前期、种仁形成期和种子膨大期3个时期。油茶果实果皮和种皮组织(种壳)都具有木质素积累,除浙江红花油茶外,其余5种类型油茶果皮中木质素积累的方式都是从外向内,呈射线状,逐渐充�[Objective]To understand the fruit formation of different types of oil tea materials,the dynamic changes in fruit development and lignin accumulation of six oil tea germplasms were studied.[Method]The mature fruit characteristics,dynamics of fruit growth and development and lignin accumulation patterns of Camellia meiocarpa,Camellia yuhsienensis,Camellia oleifera‘Changlin 53’,Camellia oleifera‘Changlin 166’,Camellia chekiangoleosa and Camellia octopetala were measured and compared,and the fruit development period was identified.[Result]It was found that there were significant differences in fruit morphology and weight-related characteristics of oil tea germplasms;and the kernel ratios were listed as follows:C.yuhsienensis(19.72%),C.oleifera‘Changlin 53’(16.99%),C.meiocarpa(14.85%),C.oleifera‘Changlin 166’(12.32%),C.chekiangoleosa(6.22%)and C.yuhsienensis(3.32%).The fruit development of oil tea materials had a similar S-shaped trend:the fruit size and weight displayed slow increases at the early stage,rapid expansionat at the middle stage,and kept a steady state at the late stage.C.chekiangoleosa and C.yuhsienensis were the earliest and latest types of fruit ripening,respectively.The fruit developmental cycles of C.meiocarpa,C.oleifera and C.octopetala were similar in general.The duration of different developmental stages and the morphological characteristics of oil tea types were different.The pericarp development was characterized as an“Expansion-Extension”process,and there were some differences in the time of initiation,termination and duration of the processes.The phase of pericarp“Expansion”coincided with the time of rapid seed development of oil tea.The pericarp and seed coat(seed shell)of oil tea had high levels of lignin,except for C.chekiangoleosa,in which the fruits were lignified from outside to inside,gradually filling the entire pericarp.The lignification of pericarp was the dividing line of“Expansion-Extension”process.Seed development was divided into 3 periods,including p

关 键 词：油茶 果实发育 果皮 木质化 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]