主产区浙江红花油茶籽仁含油率及脂肪酸组成变异分析  

Analysis of kernel oil content and variation of fatty acid composition of Camellia chekiangoleosa in the main producing areas

作　　者：贺义昌[1,2,3] 吴妹杰 董乐[4] 温强 李田[1] 李晓辉[5] 朱恒 徐林初 徐立安[5] HE Yichang;WU Meijie;DONG Le;WEN Qiang;LI Tian;LI Xiaohui;ZHU Heng;XU Linchu;XU Li’an(Lab of Camellia Germplasm Innovation of Jiangxi Province,Jiangxi Academy of Forestry,Nanchang 330032,Jiangxi,China;College of Land Resources and Environment,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Resources and Ecology of Poyang Lake Basin,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Forestry Science Institute of Shangrao,Shangrao 334000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省林业科学院江西油茶种质创新实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045 [3]江西农业大学江西省鄱阳湖流域农业资源与生态重点实验室,江西南昌330045 [4]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [5]上饶市林业科学研究所,江西上饶334000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2020年第3期37-45,共9页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：江西省重点研发计划项目(20201BBF61003,2016IBBF60122);江西省科技支撑项目(20122BBF60125);江西省重大财政专项青年培养项目(2016521101);江西省林业科学院省部级平台开放项目(2019542001)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨浙江红花油茶油用性状的变异规律,为浙江红花油茶品质育种和引种栽培提供基础数据与科学依据。【方法】选取了江西、浙江、福建省浙江红花油茶主产区内的6个优势林分,采用索氏提取法提取干籽仁油,利用气相色谱法对不同产地浙江红花油茶油脂的脂肪酸组分和含量进行测定和分析,并采用相关性分析法、多重比较法及巢氏方差分析法对浙江红花油茶各项油用性状指标进行分析。【结果】6个产地的浙江红花油茶其籽仁含油率的总均值为58.46%,其中,籽仁含油率大于60%的样株数占供试样株总数的52%。各个产地的平均籽仁含油率从大到小依次为福建武夷山、福建霞浦、浙江开化、江西德兴、江西乐平和江西婺源。统计所有供试样株的数据可知,浙江红花油茶的油脂以油酸为主,且其变异系数最小(2.64),而油酸大于81%的样株数占供试样株总数的50%以上。在其脂肪酸组成中,油酸与亚油酸组分含量间呈极显著负相关。籽仁含油率在不同产地间及相同产地内的差异均不显著,而各脂肪酸组分在不同产地间均呈极显著差异。对油脂性状指标与不同产地地理生态因子间的相关性分析结果表明,籽仁含油率受不同地理生态因子的影响差异未达到显著水平,而年均温与年均湿度对浙江红花油茶籽仁油中脂肪酸组成的影响均较大。【结论】在种子发育进程中,相对较高的温度和相对较低的湿度可能有利于种子中油酸的积累。此外,除了总脂肪酸含量与产地海拔呈一定的负相关,不同产地的海拔差异与浙江红花油茶各项油脂性状指标间总体上均无显著相关性,表明从高海拔区域向低海拔区域引种浙江红花油茶对其油脂品质无明显影响。【Objective】This paper explores the variation law of oil traits of Camellia chekiangoleosa,and provides basic data reference for improved breeding and introduction cultivation of it.【Method】Six dominant forests in the main producing areas of C.chekiangoleosa in Jiangxi,Zhejiang and Fujian were selected.The dried seed kernel oil was extracted by Soxhlet extraction method,and the composition and content of fatty acid from different places were determined and analyzed by gas chromatography.The correlation analysis method,multiple comparison method and nest’s analysis of variance were used to analyze the oil properties.【Result】The total seed oil content of C.chekiangoleosa in 6 producing areas was 58.46%on average.Among them,the number of sampled plants which seed oil contents were greater than 60%accounts for 52%of the total sampled plants.The averaged seed kernel oil content of each production area was ordered decreasingly as:Wuyishan in Fujian,Xiapu in Fujian,Kaihua in Zhejiang,Dexing in Jiangxi,Leping in Jiangxi and Wuyuan in Jiangxi.According to the statistics of all samples,oleic acid was the main oil in C.chekiangoleosa,and its coefficient of variation was the smallest(2.64),while the number of sample plants which oleic acid was more than 81%accounted for 50%more of the total sampled plants.The content of oleic acid and linoleic acid in each fatty acid composition showed a very significant negative correlation.The seed oil content was not significantly different between the production areas or among the same production area,and the fatty acid components were very significantly different between the production areas.The results of the correlation analysis between the oil character indexes and the geo-ecological factors of different production areas showed that the oil content of the seed kernel was not significantly affected by the different geo-ecological factors.However,the annual average temperature and annual average humidity had a greater influence on the fatty acid composition of C.chekiangol

关 键 词：浙江红花油茶 籽仁含油率 脂肪酸组分 变异规律 

分 类 号：S603.8[农业科学—园艺学] S713