文冠果果实表型性状和种仁功能成分的品系差异  

Fruit phenotypic characters and kernel functional components in different strains of Xanthoceras sorbifolia

作　　者：闫星蓉 王娟[1,2] 宫源奇 张芸香[1,2] 郭晋平[1,2] YAN Xingrong;WANG Juan;GONG Yuanqi;ZHANG Yunxiang;GUO Jinping(College of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cultivation&Development on Functional Oil Trees in Northern China,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China;Dashidong Forest Farm,Shanxi Guancenshan State-owned Forest Management Bureau,Ningwu 036700,Shanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学北方功能油料树种培育与研发山西省重点实验室,山西太谷030801 [3]山西省管涔山国有林管理局大石洞林场,山西宁武036700

出　　处：《经济林研究》2020年第3期145-152,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20120311015-3);山西省林业科技创新项目(2018LYCX32)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究文冠果的遗传变异规律,为其优良品系的筛选提供参考依据。【方法】以山西农业大学文冠果良种繁育基地收集保存的山西野生文冠果初选优良品系和部分文冠1号实生苗定植的单株共25个品系为试材,对其果实的6个表型性状指标和种子的3种功能成分进行了测定,采用方差分析、相关分析和主成分分析、聚类分析的方法,分析了各品系间的分化变异现象和果实表型性状与种子功能成分之间的关系。【结果】文冠果果实表型性状在品系间的分化差异十分显著,表现为丰富的表型多样性,单果种子粒数和出仁率、种子百粒质量和种仁百粒质量之间都表现出比果实大小(果实横径和果实纵径)分化程度更大更显著的品系间的分化差异;25个初选品系的种仁含油率为49.23%~60.53%,其变异系数为5.32%,粗蛋白含量为24.13~30.59 mg/g,类黄酮含量仅为12.64~20.57 mg/g,且种仁各功能成分之间呈显著正相关性。LX01-1、G17、A034、YP06、A092这5个品系的综合表现均较好且均有文冠果普遍具有的优良特征。【结论】文冠果种仁各功能成分含量与种子百粒质量、种仁百粒质量、出仁率之间均有显著的相关关系,这就意味着文冠果果实表型性状对于以高油脂、高蛋白等为目标的良种选育工作具有重要的指导意义。在文冠果的良种选育中,种子性状可以作为最易选择的表型性状,建议优良单株选择的参考标准为:种子百粒质量≥90 g,种仁百粒质量≥50 g,出仁率≥48%。【Objective】The genetic variation law of Xanthoceras sorbifolia was studied as to speed up the breeding process of its superior strains.【Method】A total of 25 strains including original selected wild X.sorbifolia and some X.sorbifolia seedlings were collected and preserved in the breeding base of X.sorbifolia in Shanxi Agricultural University.The differences among 6 fruit phenotype indexes and 3 seed functional components,and their relationships were analyzed and compared.Variance analysis,correlation analysis,principal component analysis and linear regression were used to analyze the differentiation and variation among strains.【Result】The phenotypic characters of X.sorbifolia fruits differentiated significantly among the strains,showing rich phenotypic diversity.Seed kernel,100-seed mass,number of seeds per fruit and kernel yield all showed more significant differentiation among strains than fruit size(fruit equatorial diameter and fruit longitude diameter).The seed oil content of 25 strains were 49.29%-60.53%.The coefficient of variation was 5.32%.Protein content was 24.13-30.59 mg/g.Flavonoid content was only 12.64-20.57 mg/g,and there was a significant positive correlation between crude protein and oil content.LX01-1,G17,A034,YP06 and A092 had good performance and basic characteristics.【Conclusion】The content of functional components in X.sorbifolia seed kernels were significantly correlated with 100-seed mass,100-kernel mass and kernel yield,which means that the phenotypic characters of X.sorbifolia fruit are very important to guide the breeding of high-fat and high-protein varieties.In the breeding process of X.sorbifolia,seed characters can be used as the most easily selected phenotypic characters.The proposed primary standard of excellent single plant is:100 seeds mass≥90 g,100 seeds mass≥50 g,kernel yield≥48%.

关 键 词：文冠果 良种选育 果实表型性状 种仁功能成分 

分 类 号：S603.8[农业科学—园艺学]