不同栽培方式对烟田土壤及养分流失的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Methods on Soil Erosion and Nutrient Loss in Tobacco Fields

作　　者：陈雪 焦念元[2] 陈垚 杨国涛[3] 李青常[3] CHEN Xue;JIAO Nian-yuan;CHEN Yao;YANG Guo-tao;LI Qing-chang(Bijie Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Bijie Guizhou 551700;Henan University of Science and Technology;Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC)

机构地区：[1]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700 [2]河南科技大学 [3]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2020年第18期164-165,167,共3页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

摘　　要：为了解不同栽培方式对山坡地烟叶种植中水土流失和烟田养分流失的影响,在黔西县石灰土类型的山坡地设计了2个不同坡度的田间径流小区试验。结果表明,与地膜覆盖处理相比,秸秆覆盖能有效减少烟田土壤流失量,从而减少养分流失。坡度对土壤流失和养分流失的影响较显著,较高的种植坡度,水土流失量和养分流失量也较大。养分流失与田间土壤流失有相似的规律,磷流失量在不同坡度间的差异较大,钾流失量在不同起垄方式之间差异更明显。横向起垄能有效减小地表径流、田间土壤流失和养分流失,在较低坡度和较高坡度均起到了良好的保持水土作用。In order to explore the effects of different cultivation methods on soil erosion and nutrient loss of tobacco field in hillside land,two field runoff plot experiments with different slopes were designed in Qianxi County.The results showed that compared with plastic film mulching treatment,straw mulching could effectively reduce soil erosion and nutrient loss in tobacco field.The effect of slope on soil erosion and nutrient loss was significant,and the amount of soil and water loss and nutrient diversion loss were larger at higher planting slope.There was a similar law between nutrient loss and soil loss in the field.The amount of phosphorus loss varied greatly in different slopes,and the difference of potassium loss was more obvious among different ridge forming methods.Transverse ridge could effectively reduce surface runoff,soil erosion and nutrient loss,and it has good soil and water conservation effect in low and high slopes.

关 键 词：烟田土壤 栽培方式 土壤流失 养分流失 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]