江门地区学龄前儿童运动体质调查  

Investigation on Physical Fitness of Preschool Children in Jiangmen Area

作　　者：王松柏[1] 孟伟 郑松 潘东华 温晓君 陈艳娟[1] 董尚胜[1] 吴俊兴 庞燕娜 WANG Song-bai;MENG Wei;ZHENG Song;PAN Dong-hua;WEN Xiao-jun;CHEN Yan-juan;DONG Shang-sheng;WU Jun-xing;PANG Yan-na(Department of Child Rehabilitation,Jiangmen Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Jiangmen 529000,Guangdong,China;Jiangmen Sports Bureau,Jiangmen 529000,Guangdong,China;Jiangmen Education Bureau,Jiangmen 529000,Guangdong,China;Jiangmen Municipal Health Bureau,Jiangmen 529000,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]江门市妇幼保健院儿童康复科,广东江门529000 [2]江门市体育局,广东江门529000 [3]江门市教育局,广东江门529000 [4]江门市卫生健康局,广东江门529000

出　　处：《医学信息》2020年第17期117-121,共5页Journal of Medical Information

摘　　要：目的调查江门地区四市三区学龄前儿童的运动体质常模数据。方法选取2019年江门市地区四市三区的学龄前儿童作为研究的整体,采用整群抽样方法,结合分层抽样及随机抽样方法,通过样本估计计划共收集12000名3~6岁学龄前儿童的运动体质数据,采用国家体育总局《国民体质测定标准》(幼儿部分)的中身体形态和素质两类指标进行评定(身体形态指标:身高、体重;素质指标:10米折返跑、立定跳远、网球掷远、双脚连续跳、坐位体前屈、走平衡木),并计算BMI指数。结果最终收集到17787名3~6岁的学龄前儿童的运动体质数据,男性9436名,女性8351名。形体发育指标(身高、体重)在同年龄儿童中,男性优于女性;力量相关指标(10米折返跑、立定跳远、网球掷远)男性优势更明显;女性在肢体柔软性、平衡性指标(坐体前屈、走平衡木)更优于男性。不同年龄段的男女儿童体质综合评级分布基本一致,其中总的不合格率为6.02%,合格率为48.75%,良好率为30.61%,优秀率为14.61%。BMI与儿童运动体质关系密切,正常BMI儿童体质最好,超重儿童次之,肥胖儿童的总分最差。结论江门地区3-6岁儿童的身体形态、身体素质的生长发育总体上符合学龄前儿童的基本规律。Objective To investigate the norm data of sports physique of preschool children in four cities and three districts in Jiangmen area.Methods Preschool children in four cities and three districts of Jiangmen City in 2019 were selected as the whole of the study.The cluster sampling method,combined with stratified sampling and random sampling methods,was used to collect 12,0003-6 year old preschool children through the sample estimation plan.The physical fitness data of the National Sports General Administration of China’s National Fitness Standards(Children's Part)were used to assess the two types of indicators(physical indicators:height and weight;quality indicators:10-meter reentrant run,standing long jump,Throw a long tennis ball,jump with both feet continuously,bend forward while sitting,and walk the balance beam),and calculated the BMI index.Results In the end,physical fitness data of 17,787,3-6 year old preschool children were collected,9436 males and 8351 females.Physical development indicators(height,weight)among children of the same age,men were better than women;strength-related indicators(10-meter reentry running,standing long jump,tennis long throw)have more obvious advantages for men;women’s flexibility and balance indicators(sitting forward and walking on the balance beam)were better than men.Male and female children of different ages had basically the same comprehensive rating distribution.Among them,the overall unqualified rate was 6.02%,the pass rate was 48.75%,the good rate was 30.61%,and the excellent rate was 14.61%.BMI was closely related to children's physical fitness.Normal BMI children had the best physical fitness,followed by overweight children,and obese children had the worst overall score.Conclusion The growth and development of 3-6 years old children in Jiangmen area generally conformed to the basic laws of preschool children.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 运动体质 体块指数 体质干预 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]