烟草精量穴盘播种机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Precision Tobacco Tray Seeder

作　　者：宋东方[1] 姬虹[1,2] 李保谦 张秀丽[2] Song Dongfang;Ji Hong;Li Baoqian;Zhang Xiuli(Automotive Engineering,Henan Polytechnic,Zhengzhou 450046,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南职业技术学院汽车工程学院,郑州450046 [2]河南农业大学机电工程学院,郑州450002

出　　处：《农机化研究》2020年第12期107-111,共5页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(172102110058)。

摘　　要：为提高烟草播种精度和作业效率,在已有的烟草穴盘育苗播种机的基础上,优化设计了一种自动化烟草播种机。介绍了穴盘播种机的结构特点及工作原理,设计并确定了主要结构参数。针对烟草穴盘育种基质装不满、压不实、播种合格率低及淋水覆土不均等问题,分别设计了与之对应的装基、压穴、播种、裂解和覆土装置。为提高穴盘播种精度,采用了以STM32控制器为核心的控制系统,通过加入光电传感器、编码器得到准确信号,采用PID控制器控制播种电机与皮带传送电机的转速对应关系。最后,进行了播种机性能试验,结果表明:该机工作性能稳定可靠,播种单粒率在91%以上,空穴率和多籽率均在5%以下,破碎率则在2%以下,基质装填效果较好,满足农艺上对烟草穴盘精量播种的技术要求。In order to improve the sowing precision and work efficiency of tobacco tray seeder,an automatic tobacco tray seeder was optimized based on the existing tobacco tray seeder.The structure characteristics and working principle of the tray seeder are introduced in this paper,and the main structural parameters are designed and calculated.Aiming at the problem of tobacco tray seeder,substrate dissatisfaction,low seeding rate and uneven watering and soiling,the corresponding equipment base,pressure point,seeding,cracking and soil covering device were designed.At the same time,in order to improve the precision of the seeding of the tray,the control system with STM32 controller as the core is adopted.The photoelectric signal and encoder are added to obtain the accurate signal,and the PID controller is used to control the corresponding relationship between the seeding motor and the belt transmission motor.Finally,the performance test of the planter was carried out.The seeding test showed that the machine has stable and reliable working performance,the seeding rate is above 91%,the porosity and multi-seed rate are below 5%,and the breaking rate is below 2%.The matrix filling effect is good,and it satisfies the technical requirements of the agronomic precision sowing of tobacco trays.

关 键 词：烟草 穴盘播种机 精量播种 基质填充 

分 类 号：S223.23[农业科学—农业机械化工程]