大豆脱粒过程籽粒力学特性试验研究  

Experiment and Research on Mechanical Properties of Soybean During Threshing

作　　者：滕悦江 金诚谦 印祥 倪有亮 解鸿儒 陈艳普 郭飞扬 刘鹏 Teng Yuejiang;Jin Chengqian;Yin Xiang;Ni Youliang;Xie Hongru;Chen Yanpu;Guo Feiyyang;Liu Peng(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;Nanjing Research Institude for Agricultural Mechanization of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dry-farming Machinery and Informatization,Zibo 255049,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255049 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [3]山东省旱作农业机械化与信息化重点实验室,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《农机化研究》2020年第12期121-128,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-04-PS26);山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2018YF006);中央引导地方科技发展专项基金项目(2017-2019);山东省高等学校优势学科人才团队培育计划项目(2016-2020)。

摘　　要：为了更准确地研究机械收获中大豆籽粒与机器脱粒分离部件之间的作用力、揭示大豆籽粒力学性能变化规律,采用万能材料试验机对5个大豆品种进行了压破、剪切和顶破试验。选取含水率作为试验因素,针对不同的受力方向、加载速度、刀片角度、钢针锥度、压入深度等试验方式,获得了不同试验条件下籽粒压破力、极限剪切力及硬度的变化规律,并对其函数关系进行了拟合。结果表明:大豆籽粒压破力与受力方向有很大关系,压破力随加载速度的增加而降低,随含水率的升高呈现先升高后降低的趋势;极限剪切力随刀片角度的增加而增大,随加载速度的增加而降低,随含水率的升高而降低;压入深度在0.2~1mm范围内,硬度与压入深度无明显关系,硬度随钢针锥度的增加而增大,随含水率的升高而降低。研究结果可为改进大豆脱粒和输送装置、确定大豆最佳机械收获时间和其它工艺参数提供理论依据和参考。In order to study the force between machines and soybeans in the process of mechanical harvest and transport more accurately and disclose the relationship between mechanical properties of soybeans and experimental factors,5 kinds of soybeans were selected as research material and the compress test,the shear test and the needle inserting test were carried out by means of universal bio-material tester.Selecting moisture content as the experimental factor,the variation rule of crippling strength,maximum shear force and rigidity in different experimental condition were obtained and the function relationship were also be fitted,using different testing methods such as loading direction,loading speed,blade angle,steel taper and insert depth.The research results showed that the crushing force of soybean has a great relationship with stress direction.The crushing force decreases with the loading speed increases and increases first and then decreases with the water content increases;With the increases of blade angle,the ultimate shear force increases,decreasing with the increase of loading speed and decreasing with the moisture content increases.In the range from 0.2 mm to 1 mm,rigidity has no relationship with insert depth,increasing with the increase of steel needle taper and decreasing with the increase of moisture content.The research results can be used as theoretical foundation and reference to improve the soybean threshing and transport machine and confirm the best mechanical harvest time of soybean and other technological parameters.

关 键 词：大豆籽粒 压破试验 剪切试验 顶破试验 压破力 极限剪切力 

分 类 号：S183[农业科学—农业基础科学]