高原训练对团队项目的影响作用  

Could altitude training benefit team-sport athletes?

作　　者：贺颖英(译) Oliver Girard Hakim Chalabi 

机构地区：[1]青海省体育科学研究所 [2]国家体育总局高原训练重点实验室 [3]青海省高原体育科学重点实验室,青海西宁810000 [4]University of Western Australia

出　　处：《青海体育科技》2020年第1期8-11,共4页Qinghai Physical Education Science and Technology

基　　金：青海省科技应用基础研究计划(2019-ZJ-7077、2019-ZJ-7010);青海省科技重点研发与转化计划项目(2019-SF-126、2019-HZ-810)。

摘　　要：引言自从1968年墨西哥(2400米)奥运会适应高原环境的运动员取得优异成绩和20世纪70年代美国早期的轶事训练实验后,高原、低氧训练开始在马拉松运动员、自行车运动员、游泳运动员和三项全能运动员等耐力运动员的训练中广泛使用,目的在于进一步提高运动员在平原比赛时的运动成绩或适应高原上的比赛。高原训练背后的基本理论很简单,即通过将运动员暴露在低氧环境中,身体产生一系列生理变化最终适应低氧压力后提高人体运输和使用氧气的效率。但是,缺氧并不是提高比赛成绩的唯一因素,还有其他中枢神经的适应包括通气、血液动力学的适应和外周因素例如肌肉缓冲能力都有可能发挥重要作用。Introduction:Following the dominance of altitude acclimatized athletes during the 1968 Olympic Games held in Mexico City(2400m),and early anecdotal training experiments in the USA in the 1970s,altitude(hypoxic)training has become very popular among individual endurance athletes including marathon runners,cyclists,swimmers and triathletes.Athletes training is used to further enhance exercise performance at sea level or to acclimatize to competition at altitude.The fundamental theory behind altitude training is simple;that is,by exposing an athlete to an environment that is low in oxygen,the body will eventually adapt to this stress and improve its efficiency at transporting and using oxygen.However,this may not be the only factor involved in the enhancement of performance since other central(e.g.ventilation,haemodynamaics or neural adaptations)and/or peripheral(e.g.muscle-buffering capacity or economy)factors may also play an important role.

关 键 词：游泳运动员 自行车运动员 训练实验 血液动力学 全能运动员 低氧训练 高原训练 奥运会 

分 类 号：G82[文化科学—体育训练]