新中国妇女体育70年发展的社会动力与历史经验  

Social Dynamics and Historical Experience ofWomen’s Sport over the Past 70 Years in New China

作　　者：熊欢[1] XIONG Huan(School of Sports Sciences and Physical Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学体育科学学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《体育科学》2020年第7期31-39,共9页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(17BTY048)。

摘　　要：新中国成立70年来,我国妇女体育取得了巨大的成就,也发生着深刻的变革。通过文献资料调研,分析了不同历史时期,社会制度、体育制度以及性别制度是如何交互作用推动了新中国妇女体育的发展,揭示了我国妇女体育成就与变革背后所承载的历史使命、政治任务、社会需求以及文化符号,总结了新中国妇女体育发展的历史经验以及道路的选择。研究认为从“身体的解放”到“国家建设”,从“工厂田野”到“国际赛场”,从“被动参与”到“主动投入”,我国妇女体育在社会主义女性主义与马克思主义体育思想的影响下,走出了自己特有的发展道路,从政策激励到内生需求,激发出女性力量。妇女体育事业的蓬勃发展也折射出我国平等、多元、包容社会的形成。我国妇女体育的继续前行需要从赋权女性到赋能女性转变,汇聚女性集体力量、尊重差异、均衡发展,在开发妇女体育市场价值的同时也充分发挥其人文关怀的社会价值。Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago,great achievements and profound changes have taken place in women's sports in China.Taking the social dynamics of women's sports development as the starting point,this paper analyzes how social systems,sports systems and gender systems have promoted women's sport in different historical stages.By reviewing the historical experience and the approaches,it discusses the historical mission,political mission,social needs and cultural symbols behind women's achievements and the sports reformation.The research thinks that from“physical liberation”to“national construction”,from“factory and field”to“international stadium”,from“passive participation”to“active involvement”,women's sport in China is instructed by socialist feminism and Marxist sports thoughts with its own unique development path.In addition,from policy incentives to endogenous needs,women's sport has inspired female power.The vigorous development of women's sports reflects the formation of an equal,pluralistic and inclusive society in China.The continual advancement of women's sports in China needs to change from empowering women to enabling women,gather women's collective powers,respect differences with balanced development,and give full play to the social value of“humanistic care”in women's sport while developing women's market value.

关 键 词：妇女体育 社会动力 性别秩序 社会制度 体育改革 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]