经颅直流电刺激对纵跳生物力学特征的影响  

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Biomechanical Characteristics during Countermovement Jump

作　　者：王玮 朱志强[1] 殷可意 宋林杰 姜祎凡 刘宇[1] WANG Wei;ZHU Zhiqiang;YIN Keyi;SONG Linjie;JIANG Yifan;LIU Yu(Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科学》2020年第7期57-64,共8页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(11932013);国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2018YFF0300500)。

摘　　要：目的:通过观察经颅直流电刺激前后,纵跳生物力学曲线和瞬时特征的变化,探究其对纵跳运动表现的影响。方法:15位跳跃类国家二级运动员接受随机交叉设计的阳极刺激(电流2 mA,持续20 min)和假刺激两种实验条件。分别在刺激前,刺激后即刻和刺激后30 min完成纵跳测试。通过双因素重复测量方差分析(刺激条件×时间)比较两种实验条件前后纵跳生物力学指标的差异。结果:1)瞬时特征:纵跳高度在阳极刺激后即刻和刺激后30 min显著高于刺激前;质心最低点地面反作用力在阳极刺激后即刻和刺激后30 min显著高于刺激前;峰值蹬地功率、发力率和下肢刚度在阳极刺激后即刻显著高于刺激前,阳极刺激组峰值蹬地功率在刺激后即刻和刺激后30 min显著高于假刺激组(P<0.05);2)曲线特征:垂直冲量在阳极刺激后即刻和刺激后30 min显著大于刺激前;释放能量和肌肉主动做功在阳极刺激后即刻显著高于刺激前(P<0.05)。结论:阳极经颅直流电刺激可以提高纵跳运动表现,不仅能够促进瞬时特征的变化,而且可以调节整个动作周期生物力学曲线特征,增强下肢力量及神经肌肉系统功能。Objective:To investigate the effects of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS)on Countermovement Jump(CMJ)performance according to the changes of instantaneous and temporal characteristics during CMJ before and after tDCS.Methods:With a random and crossover experimental design,fifteen jumpers(national second-level athlete)received either Anodal tDCS(AtDCS)(2 mA,20 minutes)or Sham tDCS(S-tDCS)stimulation.Subjects completed CMJ tests before and after stimulation immediately(post-0)and 30 minutes(post-30).Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures(condition×time)were performed for all the variables.Results:1)Instantaneous characteristics:The CMJ height at post-0 and post-30 were significantly higher than that of pre-stimulation.The ground reaction force at the lowest of the center of mass(COM)was increased significantly after A-tDCS(post-0 and post-30).The peak propulsion power was larger than that of pre-stimulation after A-tDCS,and there was a significant difference between A-tDCS and S-tDCS after stimulation(post-0 and post-30)(P<0.05).For A-tDCS(post-0),rate of force development and leg stiffness were increased significantly than pre-stimulation.2)Temporal characteristics:The vertical impulse at post-0 and post-30 were significantly higher than that of pre-stimulation in A-tDCS.For A-tDCS,the energy returned and active work done by muscle were increased significantly at post-0 than pre-stimulation(P<0.05).Conclusion:It is showed that the Anodal tDCS could enhance sports performance during CMJ.The tDCS shows positive effects on both instantaneous and temporal characteristics,which result in an improvement in explosive capacity and neuromuscular performance.

关 键 词：非侵入性脑刺激 力量-时间曲线 垂直冲量 肌肉主动做功 下肢刚度 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]