长期连作下广西杉木人工林主产区土壤肥力演变特征与评价  

Evolution characteristics and evaluation of soil fertility in main producing areas of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Guangxi under long-term cropping

作　　者：赵隽宇 张泽尧 覃祚玉[1] 王会利[1] 覃其云[1] 唐健[1] ZHAO Junyu;ZHANG Zeyao;QIN Zuoyu;WANG Huili;QIN Qiyun;TANG Jian(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,Guangxi,China;Huangmian Forest Farm,Luzhai 545699,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西南宁530002 [2]国有黄冕林场,广西鹿寨545699

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2020年第9期124-131,共8页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：广西创新驱动发展专项资金项目(桂科AA17204087-11);广西科技基地和人才专项——广西林学与生物学院士工作站能力建设(桂科AD17129051)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期高强度多代连栽对杉木人工林土壤肥力演变的影响,对解决广西人工林地力衰退、林分生产力下降、病虫害增多等实际生产经营问题有重要意义,旨在充分了解广西杉木人工林主产区土壤肥力情况及演变特征,为杉木人工林生态、高效、可持续经营提供理论依据。【方法】以广西长期连作杉木人工林为研究对象,基于25 a以来长期监测土壤肥力指标数据,改变传统的“以空间代时间”的研究方法,辅以因子分析法与模糊数学法分别进行土壤肥力评价,利用两种评价方法对比验证评价结果,探讨长期连作对广西杉木人工林土壤肥力演变的影响。【结果】经过25 a长期连作下杉木人工林土壤全磷、有效磷含量分别下降了37.83%、25.11%,全钾含量下降了35.02%,土壤pH值显著升高。土壤肥力指数(IFI)介于0.34~0.53之间,土壤肥力指数随种植时间的增长而缓慢提高。两种土壤肥力评价方法除2006年评价结果有差异外,其余年份均一致,说明土壤肥力评价结果可信度较高且两种方法均适用于土壤肥力质量评价。【结论】杉木轮作期较长,长期连作并未导致广西杉木人工林土壤肥力的退化,但是由于长期不合理施用化肥与树种对土壤养分的选择性吸收,导致土壤中部分养分元素缺失严重。在今后的杉木人工林经营中,应积极开展林业测土配方施肥工作,合理施肥,在杉木速生期及时补充磷、钾等养分元素,保证杉木人工林高产高效、可持续经营。【Objective】Long-term high strength research of Chinese fir plantation influence the evolution of soil fertility in solving Guangxi plantation soil fertility decline,the stand productivity decline,plant diseases and insect pests in the actual production and operation problems,such as have important meaning,understand the producing of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation soil fertility,for Chinese fir plantation ecology,high efficiency,provides the theory basis for sustainable management.【Method】The long-term management of Chinese fir plantation in Guangxi,based on the 25 years since the long-term monitoring soil fertility index data,change the traditional“generation of space for time”research methods,using factor analysis method and fuzzy mathematics method to evaluate the soil fertility,comparative validation evaluation results of the two kinds of evaluation methods to explore the long-term continuous cropping effect on soil fertility of Chinese fir plantation evolution.【Result】After 25 years of continuous cropping of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation,the content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus in soil decreased by 37.83%and 25.11%,respectively,and the content of total potassium decreased by 35.02%,and the soil pH value increased significantly.The soil fertility index(IFI)ranged from 0.34 to 0.53.The soil fertility increased gradually with the increase of planting time.【Conclusion】Long-term continuous cropping did not lead to soil fertility degradation of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation in Guangxi,but it would lead to a serious loss of some nutrients in the soil.We should timely supplement the content of TP and AP in soil during fast-growing period of Chinese fir,ensure high yield of forest land and at the same time ensure sustainable management of Chinese fir plantation.

关 键 词：长期连作 土壤肥力 杉木人工林 可持续经营 

分 类 号：S714.8[农业科学—林学]