社会弹性对上海市郊区医生职业倦怠的影响  

Influence of social resilience on job burnout of doctors in Shanghai suburbs

作　　者：姜茂敏 高凯[1] 孔杨 JIANG Mao-min;GAO Kai;KONG Yang(School of Management,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620,China;School of Public Health and Management,Binzhou Medical University,Yantai,Shandong 264003,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学管理学院,上海201620 [2]滨州医学院公共卫生与管理学院,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2020年第8期766-771,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究青年项目(19YJCZH072);上海工程技术大学研究生创新项目(0233-E3-0903-19-01334)。

摘　　要：[背景]医生工作的特殊性、复杂性使其成为职业倦怠问题的重点关注人群。如何缓解医生职业倦怠,是实施全民健康规划的重要问题。[目的]探讨社会弹性对医生职业倦怠的影响,以期采取有效措施缓解医生职业倦怠,减少医生离职现象。[方法]通过分层多阶段随机抽样的方法对上海市郊区3个行政区(闵行、松江和奉贤)的6所三级医院、11所二级医院、17所基层医院的400名医生进行调查。根据职业倦怠量表以及社会弹性理论,采用多元线性回归的方法,探索社会弹性中机会平等、创新能力、心理弹性、院区包容、社会支持五个维度对医生职业倦怠的影响。[结果]本次研究共发放问卷400份,回收有效问卷360份,有效回收率为90%。职业倦怠总得分为(2.77±0.67)分,不同维度的职业倦怠得分从高到低依次为低成就感[(3.16±0.57)分]、情绪衰竭[(2.83±0.74)分]、去个性化[(2.32±0.86)分]。社会弹性各维度得分从高到低依次为院区包容[(3.72±0.99)分]、创新能力[(3.52±0.81)分]、社会支持[(3.44±1.12)分]、心理弹性[(3.39±0.78)分]、机会平等[(2.97±0.94)分]。多元线性回归结果发现,社会弹性各维度均对医生职业倦怠有影响:心理弹性、社会支持与情绪衰竭呈负相关(b=-0.554、-0.389;P<0.01);心理弹性、院区包容、社会支持与去个性化呈负相关(b=-0.391、-0.284、-0.386;P<0.01);机会平等、创新能力、心理弹性、社会支持与低成就感呈负相关(b=-0.308、-0.038、-0.451、-0.022;P<0.05)。[结论]提升医生心理弹性和创新能力,加强机会平等、社会支持及院区包容程度,是缓解医生职业倦怠的有效途径。[Background]The particularity and complexity of medical services make doctors a high-risk group experiencing job burnout.How to alleviate the job burnout of doctors is an important issue in implementing the national health plan.[Objective]This study explores the impact of social resilience on doctors’job burnout and find out potential measures to alleviate their job burnout and reduce turnover rate.[Methods]Through a stratified multi-stage random sampling method,400 doctors in 6 tertiary hospitals,11 secondary hospitals,and 17 primary hospitals from 3 suburb districts(Minhang,Songjiang,and Fengxian)in Shanghai were investigated.According to the reported score of Occupational Burnout Scale and the theory of social resilience,a multiple linear regression method was used to explore the impacts of the five dimensions of social resilience(including equal opportunity,innovation ability,psychological resilience,inclusivity,and social support)on job burnout.[Results]Of the 400 questionnaires distributed,360 valid questionnaires were recovered,with a valid recovery rate of 90%.The average total score of job burnout was 2.77±0.67,and the dimension-specific scores from high to low were reduced sense of achievement(3.16±0.57),mental exhaustion(2.83±0.74),and depersonalization(2.32±0.86).The scores of social resilience dimensions from high to low were inclusivity(3.72±0.99),innovation ability(3.52±0.81),social support(3.44±1.12),psychological resilience(3.39±0.78),equal opportunity(2.97±0.94).According to the multiple linear regression results,all dimensions of social resilience had a significant impact on doctors'job burnout:psychological resilience and social support had a negative impact on mental exhaustion(b=-0.554,-0.389;P<0.01);psychological resilience,inclusivity,and social support had a negative impact on depersonalization(b=-0.391,-0.284,-0.386;P<0.01);equal opportunity,innovation ability,psychological resilience,and social support had a negative impact on reduced sense of achievement(b=-0.308,-0.038,-0.4

关 键 词：医生 职业倦怠 社会弹性 机会平等 创新能力 心理弹性 院区包容 社会支持 

分 类 号：R192.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]