美国基因漂移侵权责任分析及启示  

Analysis and Enlightenment of American Tort Liability for Genetic Drift

作　　者：张文斐 Zhang Wenfei

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2020年第8期65-74,共10页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“植物新品种知识产权保护困境与制度创新研究”(16BFX168)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：基因漂移是现代风险社会中的典型风险。全球范围内转基因作物的种植面积逐渐扩大,不可避免地出现污染侵权尤其是基因漂移侵权的案件。美国基因漂移侵权的责任体系较为完善,其责任认定结合当事人间的权利诉求,分为种子公司向农民主张的专利侵权及农民向种子公司或隔邻农民主张侵权两方面。美国基因漂移侵权的归责原则适用产品瑕疵的严格责任,具体包括制造瑕疵、设计瑕疵及指示或警告不足瑕疵,并根据优势证据规则认定基因漂移侵权的因果关系。藉此,从建立公共赔偿基金方面探寻我国基因漂移侵权救济之可行路径。Genetic drift is a typical risk in modern risk society.The growing range of genetically modifi ed crops worldwide has been more and more widely,which inevitably leads the cases of pollution tort,especially genetic drift tort.American liability system for genetic drift tort is relatively complete.Its identifi cation of responsibility is combined with right claims of the parties,divided into two aspects:the patent tort that seed company claims to farmers and the tort that farmers claims to seed company or neighboring farmers.The liability principle of genetic drift tort in American applies the strict liability of product defect.The liability system includes manufacturing defects,design defects,instructing and warning defects.The causal relationship of genetic drift tort is determined according to the preponderance of the evidence.Thereby,Chinese genetic drift tort remedy could be explored from the establishment of a public compensation fund.

关 键 词：基因漂移 转基因作物 侵权责任 产品瑕疵 优势证据 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD913