教育对农村劳动力职业代际流动的影响  

The Impact of Education on Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Rural China

作　　者：王卫东[1] 白云丽[2] 罗仁福 张林秀[2] WANG Weidong;BAI Yunli;LUO Renfu;ZHANG Linxiu(School of Economics and Management,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]北京大学现代农学院,北京100871

出　　处：《经济经纬》2020年第5期37-44,共8页Economic Survey

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(BLX201945);国家自然科学基金重点项目(71333012)。

摘　　要：基于中国农村发展调查(CRDS)数据,运用无序响应模型探讨教育对职业代际流动的影响。实证结果表明:教育能够促进农村劳动力代际职业向上流动,并抑制向下流动与传承;教育在促进代际职业向上流动方面的作用随着出生年份组的后延而变小;增加任何阶段的教育年限,对促进代际职业向上流动、抑制代际职业向下流动和平行流动均具有显著作用;高等教育对促进代际职业向上流动的作用最大,且这种作用不随出生年份组的后延而下降,高中教育的作用次之,但其对1985年以后出生的劳动力的代际职业向上流动的作用明显降低。建议政府进一步加大对农村地区的教育投资,提升农村地区的教育质量,增加农村学生进入高等院校的机会。This paper assesses the impact of education on intergenerational occupational mobility within rural China by using a nationally representative sample.The empirical results suggest four crucial relationships.Firstly,education promotes upward mobility among rural laborers and reduces both downward mobility and occupational inheritance.Secondly,education becomes less important for promoting upward mobility over time.Thirdly,increasing years of schooling at any educational level will promote the upward intergenerational occupational mobility and hinder both downward mobility and occupational inheritance.Finally,higher education consistently plays the most vital role in promoting upward mobility regardless of the birth cohorts.However,the influence of high school on upward mobility among individuals born after 1985 is less than that who were born before 1985.It is necessary to increase investment in rural education,improve the accessibility of education and the quality of education for rural residents,and increase the opportunities for rural children to enter tertiary education institutions.

关 键 词：职业代际流动 教育 社会公平 农村劳动力 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]