我国生态环境损害赔偿立法:模式与难点  

The Legislation of Compensation for Ecological Environment Damage in China:Modes and Difficulties

作　　者：赵小姣 ZHAO Xiao-jiao(Law School, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai 200433, China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期81-89,共9页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

摘　　要：生态环境损害担责的常态化需求、制度面临的合法性危机及政策转向构成中国生态环境损害赔偿制度立法的时机。基于生态环境损害的公共性,我国应采取独立环境损害论,遵循国家环境保护义务为逻辑进路,制定《生态环境损害救济法》,构建生态环境损害赔偿制度。《生态环境损害救济法》的科学定位既要考虑与环境保护法律之间的异同,又要兼顾与其他法律之间的调适与衔接,以维持不同法律的立法空间,同时应聚焦于损害赔偿由私法向公法的移转、行政权和司法权关系的协调、赔偿磋商性质的明晰及两诉本质的厘清等难点问题,从而构建行政命令优先、磋商前置与诉讼兜底的多路径并存的生态环境损害救济规则。The normalized demand for ecological environmental damage responsibility,the legitimacy crisis of the system,and the shift of policies constitute the timing of China's legislation on ecological environmental damage compensation system.Based on the public nature of ecological environmental damage,China should formulate the Ecological Environmental Damage Relief Law which adopts the theory of independent environmental damage,and follows the logic of national environmental protection obligations to build ecological environmental damage compensation system.To maintain the legislative space of different laws,the scientific orientation of the Ecological Environmental Damage Relief Law must consider the similarities and differences between the law and environmental protection laws,and should also consider the adjustment and convergence with other laws.At the same time,it should focus on difficult issues such as the transfer of damage compensation from private law to public law,the coordination of administrative power and judicial power,the clarity of the nature of compensation consultation and the clarification of the nature of the two suits.In this way,the eco-environmental damage relief rules of the coexistence of multi-paths that include the priority of administrative orders,the up-fronting of consultations and the last option of litigation are constructed.

关 键 词：生态环境损害赔偿 《生态环境损害救济法》 环境保护义务 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]