烟稻轮作区有机肥运筹对烟草生长发育和土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Management on Tobacco Growth and Soil Nutrients in Tobacco-Rice Rotation Area

作　　者：卢红玲 李云霞 罗经仁 鲁耀雄 官迪 龙世平 彭福元 LU Hong-ling;LI Yun-xia;LUO Jing-ren;LU Yao-xiong;GUAN Di;LONG Shi-ping;PENG Fu-yuan(Hunan Institute of Agricultural Environment and Ecology,Changsha 410125,PRC;Chenzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Chenzhou 423042,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业环境生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]郴州市农业科学研究所,湖南郴州423042

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2020年第8期21-25,29,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201100);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2019ST01);中国烟草总公司湖南省公司项目(18-20Aa05)。

摘　　要：为了探讨东南丘陵区烟稻轮作制度下有机肥运筹对烟草生长发育、经济性状及土壤养分的影响,为减少该区化肥施用量提供依据,在郴州市桂阳县和安仁县同时设置大田试验,采用裂区设计研究了烟稻轮作区有机肥运筹对烟草生长发育和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:T2处理(稻季施用有机肥1500 kg/hm^2替代150 kg/hm^2复合肥和75 kg/hm^2尿素,植烟季常规施肥),周年减少氮肥,可提高烟叶净光合速率和叶片SPAD值,增加株高、茎围、叶长和叶宽,提高中上部烟叶比例和烤烟产值;在土壤有机质含量低的桂阳,周年减施氮肥23.6%,烤烟产值增加6.15%,而在土壤有机质含量高的安仁,周年减施氮肥27.7%,产量增加2.23%,产值增加3.43%,且烟叶品质好;T2处理与水稻季、植烟季均采取常规施肥的对照相比,土壤的碱解氮和速效钾含量降低,烟叶收获后,土壤pH值和有机质含量均有所增加。To explore the effects of organic fertilizer management on tobacco growth and economic traits,and soil nutrients under the tobacco-rice rotation system in the hilly region of Southeast China,and to provide a basis for the reduction of large-scale chemical fertilizer application in this area,field trials were conducted using split-plot design in Guiyang County and Anren County,Chenzhou,Hunan.The results showed that compared with CK(conventional fertilization both in rice and tobacco seasons),T2(rice season:1500 kg/hm^2 organic fertilizer substitute for 150 kg/hm^2 compound fertilizer+75 kg/hm^2 urea,tobacco season:conventional fertilization)reduced the yearly use of nitrogen fertilizer,promoted net photosynthetic rate and SPAD value,increased plant height,stem girth,leaf length and leaf width,increased the proportion of middle and upper-position tobacco leaves and the output value.In Guiyang where soil organic matter content was low,T2 reduced the annual application of nitrogen fertilizer by 23.6%,and increased the output value of flue-cured tobacco by 6.15%;while in Anren with a high content of soil organic matter,T2 reduced the annual application of nitrogen fertilizer by 27.7%,increased the yield by 2.23%,increased the output value by 3.43%,and the quality of tobacco leaves was good;but the contents of soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in T2 decreased,and its soil pH value and organic matter content increased somewhat after the tobacco leaves were harvested.

关 键 词：烟稻轮作 化肥减施 有机肥运筹 烟草生长 经济性状 

分 类 号：S146[农业科学—肥料学]