国有农用地利用的实践需求与制度供给  

Practical Demand and Institutional Supply of State-owned Agricultural Land Utilization

作　　者：陈阳 张玉臻 叶剑平[2] CHEN Yang;ZHANG Yuzhen;YE Jianping

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学公共管理学院,北京100872 [2]中国人民大学土地政策与制度研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期125-131,174,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：农业农村部2017年项目“国有农用地经营管理条例立法问题研究”(2017K20312)。

摘　　要：从制度供给的视角,针对国有农场和农户的实践需求,构建国有农用地制度改进方案。在农垦土地国有的基础上,将国有农用地使用权塑造为物权,稳步推进农地使用权的有偿使用,以满足国有农场管理体制改革的需求。在“两田制”的基础上,可将“基本田”中的土地经营权塑造为用益物权;依照“物债两分”逻辑设置“规模田”上的土地经营权,长期存续的土地经营权设为物权,依《物权法》协调;短期的经营权则设为债权,依据契约自由的原则,遵照《合同法》进行协调,满足经营主体的需求。在国有农用地的立法层面,应将两类不同的法律规范进行整合,以区分国有农用地物权与债权的权利。此外,在国有农用地产权制度改进的同时,应设计相应的社会保障、管理经营等配套制度改革。Based on current situation of the state-owned farmland system,this paper constructs the improvement scheme of the state-owned farmland system according to the practical demand of the state-owned farms and farmers.In order to reform the management system of state-owned farm,,land use right can be defined as property right on the basis of state-owned land reclamation to promote the paid use of agricultural land use right steadily.Based on the two-field system,the land management right in the basic fields should be modeled as usufructuary right.And the land management right in the large-scale fields can be set up according to the logic of right and obligation right dichotomy.The long-term land management right is set as real right,and coordinated according to Property Law;while the short-term management right is set as creditor’s right on the principle of freedom of contract,and coordinated according to Contract Law to meet the needs of business entities.In the process of land legislation,two different types of norms should be integrated to distinguish the real rights of state-owned agricultural land from the obligation rights.In addition,while improving the property right system of state-owned agricultural land,the corresponding social security,management and operating system reforms should be enhanced.

关 键 词：土地所有权 土地使用权 土地经营权 制度分析 国有农场 

分 类 号：F301.0[经济管理—产业经济]