小麦冬春性鉴定在区试中的应用  

Application of winterness and springness identification of wheat on regional trial

作　　者：孟丽梅 杨子光 张珂 孙军伟 冀天会 MENG Li-mei;YANG Zi-guang;ZHANG Ke;SUN Jun-wei;JI Tian-hui(Luoyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Luoyang 471023,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]洛阳农林科学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2020年第15期25-27,65,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：全国农业技术推广服务中心农业技术试验示范专项(213016)。

摘　　要：以2010—2019年黄淮南片区域试验和黄淮冬麦区旱地区域试验参试小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种(系)为材料,采用田间春播鉴定法,依据对参试品种(系)春播苗穗期和抽穗率的计算,进行冬春性鉴定。结果表明,黄淮南片冬水组和黄淮冬麦区旱地组参试品种(系)共鉴定出春性类品种(系)32份,占参试品种(系)的4.78%;黄淮南片春水组参试品种(系)共鉴定出冬性类品种(系)18份,占参试品种(系)的21.43%。从鉴定情况看,近10年播期的设置,即依据当地春季气温的候平均气温,第一播期为候平均气温达3℃后的次日,第二播期为候平均气温达7℃后的次日,第三播期为候平均气温达10℃后的次日的鉴定方法来确定播期,不受时间的限制,3个播期相互印证,相互参考,结果准确可靠。参试品种(系)中鉴定为冬性类的品种(系),其春播第二播期抽穗率均小于30%,成熟期时植株未成熟;鉴定为春性类的品种(系),其春播第二播期抽穗率均大于30%,成熟期时植株基本成熟,苗穗期大于45 d,说明田间春播鉴定法的检测指标春播抽穗率和苗穗期是小麦冬春性鉴定的有效检测指标。The wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)varieties(lines)from regional trial in southern Huang-Huai region and Huang-Huai dry⁃land region from 2010 to 2019 were selected as materials.Field identification method of spring sowing was used to identify the winter⁃ness and springness of wheat according to the calculation of the earing stage and heading rate of spring seedling.The results showed that a total of 32 springness varieties(lines)were identified from winter wheat regional trial in southern Huang-Huai region and Huang-Huai dryland group,accounted for 4.78%of the tested varieties(lines);A total of 18 winterness varieties(lines)were identi⁃fied from spring wheat regional trial in southern Huang-Huai region,accounted for 21.43%of the tested varieties(lines).From the ap⁃praisal situation,the method that setting of sowing date in recent 10 years is based on the local average temperature in spring,the first sowing date is the next day after the average temperature reaches 3℃,the second sowing date is the next day after the average temper⁃ature reaches 7℃,and the third sowing date is the next day after the average temperature reaches 10℃,was not restricted by time in⁃terval and was accurate and reliable through the 3 sowing dates confirmed each other.Among the tested varieties(lines),the heading rate of varieties(lines)identified as winter type at the second sowing date in spring was less than 30%,and the plants was immature at the mature stage;The heading rate of varieties(lines)identified as spring type at the second sowing date in spring was more than 30%,the plants was basically mature at the maturity stage,and the seedling ear stage was more than 45 days.It indicated that the heading rate and seedling ear stage of spring sowing could be used as effective detection indicators for winterness and springness identi⁃fication of wheat.

关 键 词：小麦(Triticum aestivum L.) 冬春性 鉴定 区域试验 应用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]