再生稻栽培模式下冬半年覆盖植被对土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响  

Effects of cover plant in winter on soil CH4 and N2O emission under the ratoon rice system

作　　者：吕泽芳 高珍珍 刘章勇[1] 金涛[1] LYU Ze-fang;GAO Zhen-zhen;LIU Zhang-yong;JIN Tao(Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland,Ministry of Education,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China;College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2020年第15期60-65,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300208,2017YFD0301400)。

摘　　要：为研究冬半年覆盖植被对再生稻(Oryza sativa L.)栽培模式下土壤CH4和N2O排放的影响,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法观测了再生稻-冬闲(CK)、再生稻-油菜(FR)和再生稻-紫云英(MR)等处理下CH4和N2O的排放通量。结果表明,所有处理的CH4和N2O排放通量在冬半年覆盖植被生长期间较小,在水稻生长季较大。头季稻生长期间土壤CH4累积排放量占全年的85.89%~97.48%,其中MR处理的土壤CH4累积排放量显著低于CK和FR处理;再生季稻生长期间各处理间土壤CH4累积排放量差异不显著,占全年的2.02%~14.11%。头季稻生长期间土壤N2O累积排放量是再生季稻生长期间的1.74~2.43倍,其中头季稻生长期间MR处理土壤N2O累积排放量显著低于CK,再生季稻生长期间各处理差异不显著。各处理CH4和N2O年全球增温潜势(GWP)从大到小依次为FR、CK、MR,且水稻生长季排放的CH4和N2O的GWP远高于冬半年作物期。同时,水稻生长季CH4排放对GWP的贡献远高于N2O,是N2O的1.64~3.87倍。综上,再生稻栽培模式下,头季稻生长期间是控制温室气体CH4和N2O排放的关键时期;再生稻-紫云英模式有利于减少CH4和N2O的排放,是生态环境效益较高的再生稻栽培模式。In order to study the effects of cover plant in winter on the CH4 and N2O emissions from ratoon rice system,the CH4 and N2O flux was observed by the static closed chamber-gas chromatography method under the treatment of ratoon rice-fallow(CK),ra⁃toon rice-rapeseed(FR),and ratoon rice-milk vetch(MR),respectively.Results showed that the CH4 and N2O flux of all treatments was low in the winter cover plant growing season,and was high in the rice growing season.The cumulative CH4 emissions in the main rice growing season occupied 85.89%to 97.48%of annual cumulative CH4 emissions.During the main rice growing season,the cumu⁃lative CH4 emissions in the treatment of MR was significantly lower than that in the treatment of CK and FR.Over the ratoon season,there was no significant difference in the cumulative CH4 emissions among each treatment,and which occupied 2.02%to 14.11%of an⁃nual cumulative CH4 emissions.The cumulative N2O emissions in the main rice growing season was 1.74 to 2.43 times of ratoon season.The cumulative N2O emissions of MR was significantly lower than that of CK in the main rice season,and there was no significant dif⁃ference in the cumulative N2O emissions among each treatment in the ratoon season.The total annual global warming potential(GWP)of CH4 and N2O for each treatment was in decreased order of FR,CK,MR.And the GWP of CH4 and N2O in the rice growing season was significantly higher than that in the winter cover plant growing season.Meanwhile,the contribution of CH4 emission to GWP in rice growing season was much higher than that of N2O.Therefore,the main rice season is the key season for reducing the greenhouse gas emissions.And plant milk vetch in the winter season could reduce the CH4 and N2O emissions under the ratoon rice system com⁃pare plant rapeseed or fallow.

关 键 词：再生稻(Oryza sativa L.) 油菜(Brassica napus L.) 紫云英(Astragalus sinicus Linn.) 冬闲 温室气体 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] X57[环境科学与工程—环境工程]