惠州市门诊流感患者病毒抗原流行特征分析  

Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of viral antigens in outpatients with influenza in Huizhou.

作　　者：张卫平[1] 邓慧怡 周仕丹[1] 彭莉利[1] 刘春来[1] ZHANG Wei-ping;DENG Hui-yi;ZHOU Shi-dan;PENG Li-li;LIU Chun-lai(Central People's Hospital of Huizhou city,Huizhou 516001,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州市中心人民医院医院感染管理部,广东惠州516001

出　　处：《广东医学》2020年第17期1818-1823,共6页Guangdong Medical Journal

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金资助项目(B2019243);惠州市科技计划医疗卫生项目(2019Y035)。

摘　　要：目的分析惠州市某三甲综合医院门诊患者流感病毒抗原快速检测结果,了解门诊患者流感病毒抗原流行特征,为医院流感诊治、疫情报疫和医院感染防控提供科学依据.方法收集门诊流感样病例胶体金免疫层析法流感病毒抗原检测结果及就诊数据.结果49401份咽拭子标本,流感病毒抗原阳性检出9651份(阳性率19.54%),甲型、乙型和混合流感抗原阳性率分别为10.85%、5.43%和3.26%;不同性别流感病毒抗原检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但其抗原构成存在差异;不同年份的流感病毒抗原阳性检出率差异有统计学意义,2016、2017和2018年阳性率分别22.57%、19.32%和5.61%,呈逐年下降趋势;不同年龄段,流感病毒抗原阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),年龄段5~岁最高,为24.46%,15~岁次之,为21.66%,≥60岁最低为12.89%;混合流感抗原构成占比以年龄段0~最高,为33.42%,并随着年龄的增加,检出率下降,儿童混合流感病毒抗原检出率远超成年人;流感病毒抗原检出情况与流感流行趋势一致,呈现明显的季节性差异,存在交叉或共同流行的特征.结论应用胶体金免疫层析法检测流感病毒抗原结果,有利于为流感早期诊断和抗病毒用药提供临床依据,为医院流感疫情流行提供风险预警,对于医院流感诊治、疫情上报和预防控制具有重要意义.Objective To investigate the trends and epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus antigens in outpatients,and to provide scientific evidence for hospital influenza diagnosis and treatment.Methods The results of in-fluenza viral antigen detection and medical data of colloidal gold immunochromatography in the outpatients of influenza ca-ses in 2016-2018 were collected.Results Among 49,401 throat swab specimens,there were 9651 influenza viral anti-gens positive samples,with the positive rate of 19.54%.The positive rates of type A,B and mixed influenza antigens were 10.85%,5.43%and 3.26%,respectively.There was a significant difference in antigenic composition revealed be-tween genders.There were significant differences in positive detection rate of influenza virus antigens among each years,and positive rates in 2016,2017 and 2018 were 22.57%,19.32%and 15.61%,respectively.There were significant differences in the positive detection rates of influenza viral antigens among different age groups,which was significantly ldighest in the Group5-(24.46%),followed with the Group 15-(21.66%)and lowest in Group≥60(12.89%).The proportion of mixed influenza antigens of the Group5-was the highest(33.42%),and decreased with age.The de-tection rate of mixed influenza viral antigen of children far exceeded that of adults.The detection of influenza viral antigen was consistent with the trend of influenza epidemic,showing significant seasonal differences,with cross-over or common-popular characteristics.Conclusion With application of the rapid detection of influenza viral antigen,it is beneficial to provide basis for early diagnosis and antiviral therapy of influenza and risk warning for hospital influenza epidemic.It is of great significance for hospital influenza diagnosis,epidemic reporting and prevention and control.

关 键 词：流感性感冒 病毒抗原 胶体金免疫层析法 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R511.7[医药卫生—内科学] R183.3[医药卫生—临床医学]