天山北坡家庭牧场草地承载力与家畜优化配置的研究  

Study on Grassland Carrying Capacity and Optimal Allocation of Livestock in Family Pasture on the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain

作　　者：陈强[1] 史明[1] 贠静[1] 朱昊[1] CHEN Qiang;SHI Ming;YUN Jing;ZHU Hao(Grassland Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences,Urumqi830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《草食家畜》2020年第4期24-28,共5页Grass-Feeding Livestock

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费项目“优质饲草料种植技术示范应用推广”(ky2018002);国家公益性行业(农业)科技专项“不同区域草地承载力与家畜配置”(200903060)。

摘　　要：研究示范户的天然草场、人工饲草地和家畜协同进化与匹配过程,明确家庭牧场天然草原、人工饲草料地和家畜合理配置方案,解决制约其草原畜牧业发展的技术瓶颈,提高经济、社会和生态效益。通过调查示范户天然草场的面积、类型、地上生物量、季节草场的利用方式和放牧强度,及人工草地的种植结构、产量,结合畜群结构、周转的情况,分析其存在的问题,对天然草地、家畜、人工草料地耦合系统进行优化,使家庭牧场天然草地暖季放牧利用载畜量和畜种合理配置,确定暖季放牧7个月,冷季舍饲5个月的饲养模式。以存出栏畜饲草需求量为依据提出人工饲草料地规模,达到天然草场合理利用、人工饲草料地规模与畜群结构、规模合理配置。In order to study the co-evolution and matching process of natural grassland,artificial forage land and livestock in demonstration households,clarify the rational allocation scheme of natural grassland,artificial forage land and livestock in family pasture,so as to solve the technical bottleneck restricting the development of grassland animal husbandry,and to improve the economic,social and ecological benefits,here,by investigating the related information of natural grassland(area,type,above-ground biomass,utilization mode in various seasons,grazing intensity),artificial forage(planting structure,yield)and livestock(herd structure and movement situation),the existing problems were analyzed.Then the coupling system of natural grassland,livestock and artificial forage land was optimized so as to achieve an optimal allocation of grazing capacity and species of livestock in natural grassland in warm season,and the breeding pattern of grazing for 7 months of warm season and feeding in house for 5 months of cold season were determined.Based on the demand of forage for stocked livestock,the scale of artificial forage land was defined to achieve rational utilization of natural grassland,reasonable allocation of scale of artificial forage land and structure and scale of livestock herd.

关 键 词：草地承载力 家畜配置 载畜量 家庭牧场 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]