基于“时空图”的广州市社会空间分异  

Social-Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Guangzhou Based on Time-Space Map

作　　者：陈慧灵 石恩名 刘望保[2] CHEN Huiling;SHI Enming;LIU Wangbao(School of Tourism Management,Hunan University of Technology and Business,Changsha 410205,Hunan,China;School of Geography Science,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510631,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南工商大学旅游管理学院,中国湖南长沙410205 [2]华南师范大学地理科学学院,中国广东广州510631

出　　处：《经济地理》2020年第8期9-17,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41001088);教育部人文社会科学项目(17YJA840011);湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(18B331)。

摘　　要：传统社会空间分异指数的测算是建立在均质平面欧氏空间内,注重空间的结构与组成,而较少关注空间本身。文章在社会空间分异指数计算过程中将两点之间直线距离转变为空间作用成本,利用多维标度方法(MDS)构建时空图对传统社会空间分异指数进行修正,对比修正后指数与传统指数的差异,并以广州为例探讨反映的社会空间分异特征。得到以下结论:①通达性分异指数(修正后的指数)能反映作为人的社会性分异而非物质形态的分异;由于"空间变量"在空间分异指数不同维度的权重的差异,这种空间修正方法对基于面积周长比的分异指数相对于基于距离函数的分异指数的影响要小得多。②对比修正前后的空间分异指数,由于相对拥堵的市中心的时间距离比城市郊区要大,市中心的实际隔离程度被低估了。而通行距离坐标系统中市中心通达性比城市郊区更高,受道路拥堵影响较弱的人群在市中心的隔离程度相对于市郊区又相对被高估。③通行距离坐标系统中空间分异测算的均匀性维度指标影响较小,而接触性维度指标受的影响非常显著。文章新构建的坐标系统将原来两点之间的直线距离转变为将个体移动路径作为空间作用成本,基于此坐标系统计算的通达性分异指数更能反映"人的空间"。The calculation of the original socio-spatial differentiation indexes is always within the homogeneous Euclidean space,which places emphasis on the structure and composition rather than the nature of space.In this paper,we propose the idea of converting the distance into the travel cost between origin and destination during the calculation of socio-spatial differentiation index,and constructs the accessibility coordinate system to modify the original sociospatial differentiation index using MDS algorithm.Finally,the accessibility spatial differentiation index is used with the original indexes for contrast with taking Guangzhou as the case study.The results show that the accessibility spatial differentiation index could be closer to the Social differentiation of human beings rather than the material differentiation.The space variable in different dimensions of spatial differentiation weights different,and the influence of area periphery ratio on the spatial modification is much smaller than that of the distance function.The results of modified and original spatial differentiation indexes based on the travel time coordinate system indicate that the time distance in the relatively congested city center is larger than the one in city suburbs,which means the actual segregated degree in the city center is underestimated.However,in the travel distance coordinate system,The segregated degree of people,who is less affected by road congestion in the city center,is relatively overestimated contrast with the people in the suburb due to the higher transport accessibility of the city center.In the travel distance coordinate system,the calculation result of uniformity dimension index is much less affected than the contact dimension index.The new coordinate system constructed in this study could convert the original linear distance between OD into the individual path as the spatial effect cost,and the spatial differentiation index based on it could reflect the space for human.

关 键 词：社会空间分异 时空图 多维标度分析法 通达性 

分 类 号：C922[社会学—人口学]