方寸见佛韵——隋唐佛教瓦当浅析  

Buddha Rhyme in a Square Inch--A Brief Analysis of Buddhist Eaves Tiles in Sui and Tang Dynasties

作　　者：许彩莲 井明 Xu Cailian;Jing Ming(Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics Protection)

机构地区：[1]陕西省文物保护研究院

出　　处：《草原文物》2020年第1期87-96,共10页Steppe Cultural Relics

摘　　要：隋唐佛教瓦当既是保护椽头的建筑构件,也是佛教文化在建筑上的载体,将实用性、艺术性、宗教性融为一体,为了解隋唐时期佛教历史及建筑特点提供了丰富直观的材料。根据当面主题纹饰,可将其分为莲花纹瓦当、佛像纹瓦当、迦陵频伽纹瓦当、飞天纹瓦当,每一类瓦当都有其深厚的文化渊源及时代特点,除了分布广泛的莲花纹瓦当发现了瓦当范,证明其应该是模制,其它几类瓦当纹饰精美、数量极少,推测应是人工手制。通过佛教瓦当出土位置的考察,发现几乎都出于帝陵陵寝、宫殿、皇家寺庙,可判断其使用应该有严格的等级区分。Buddhist eaves tile in Sui and Tang Dynasties is not only the architectural component for protecting the rafter,hut also the earner of Buddhist culture in architecture.It integrates practicability,artistry and religion,and provides rich and intuitive material for understanding the history and architectural characteristic of Buddhism in the Sui and Tang Dynasties.According to the theme decoration on the eaves tile,it can he divided into lotus pattern,Buddha pattern,Kalavinka pattern and flying apsara pattern.Each kind of tile has its profound cultural origin and characteristics of the times.In addition to the widely distrihutefl lotus pattern eaves tiles which have found the mold and should he molded,the other types are exquisite and few in numlier.It is speculated that they should he completely made by hand.Through the inspection of the unearthed location of the Buddhist eaves tiles,almost all of them are from mausoleums,palaces and royal temples,so it ran he judged that there should he a strict hierarchy in their use.

关 键 词：隋唐 佛教瓦当 纹饰渊源 使用对象 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]