矿区地物分类及土地利用/覆盖变化动态监测——以海流兔流域为例  

Classification of objects and LUCC dynamic monitoring in mining area:A case study of Hailiutu watershed

作　　者：高文龙 苏腾飞[1,2,3] 张圣微 杜银龙[1] 雒萌 GAO Wenlong;SU Tengfei;ZHANG Shengwei;DU Yinlong;LUO Meng(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Water Resources of Inner Mongolia Atuonomous Region, Hohhot 010018, China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Big Data Research and Application of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Hohhot 010018, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室,呼和浩特010018 [3]内蒙古自治区农牧业大数据研究与应用重点实验室,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《国土资源遥感》2020年第3期232-239,共8页Remote Sensing for Land & Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“大型煤矿和有色金属矿矿井水高效利用技术与示范,课题1采煤驱动下水文演变机理与地质环境生态效益,专题3采煤驱动下地表演变机理与环境生态效应”(编号:2018YFC0406401);国家自然科学基金项目“改变降水对内蒙古典型草原禁牧与放牧草地水文土壤植被影响机制研究,面向对象的河套灌区遥感作物分类算法研究”(编号:51779116,61701265);内蒙古自治区杰出青年培育基金“典型草原水文土壤植被对改变降雨及放牧的响应机理研究”(编号:2019JQ06)共同资助。

摘　　要：针对矿山开采是否会使地物类型发生巨大变化及环境恶化问题,利用Landsat(TM,OLI)影像,对海流兔流域2006年、2010年、2014年、2018年的土地进行分类,揭示2006—2018年间3个阶段(每4 a一阶段)土地利用变化的时空特征。通过筛选比较最大似然法、支持向量机、随机森林等分类方法,并应用地物时空变化特征和转移矩阵统计方法进行定性、定量分析。结果表明:随机森林法得到的土地分类图精度优于其他分类方法;3个阶段中沙地与草地/灌木转化频繁,沙地总面积减少16.83%,草地/灌木增加12.68%,建设用地逐年稳定增长;截至2018年,矿区发展并未对生态环境造成较大伤害,井工矿地物结构变化与海流兔流域地物结构趋势一致。To tackle the problem whether mining will cause great changes in the types of surface features and environmental deterioration,the authors used Landsat(TM,OLI)images to classify the land in 2006,2010,2014 and 2018 in Hailiutu watershed,and revealed the temporal and spatial characteristics of land use changes in three stages(one stage every four years)from 2006 to 2018.Screening and comparing the classification methods MLE,SVM,RF and applying the statistical methods of features change and transfer matrix show that the accuracy of land classification map obtained by RF is better than that of the other classification methods,and the quantitative interpretation of land classification analysis was carried out for many years.In the three stages,the transformation of sandy land and grassland/shrub was frequent,the total area of sandy land decreased by 16.83%,the grassland/shrub increased by 12.68%,and the construction land increased steadily year by year.By 2018,the development of the mining area had not caused great damage to the ecological environment,and the change of the geological structure of the mine was consistent with the trend of the geological structure of Hailiutu basin.

关 键 词：遥感 转移矩阵 采矿扰动 土地利用 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]