基于综合水质标识指数法的汉江中下游水质评价  

Water Quality Evaluation of the Middle and Lower Reaches of Hanjiang River Based on Comprehensive Water Quality Identification Index

作　　者：马京久 喻婷 陈燕飞 姚华明[1,2] 李阳 MA Jingjiu;YU Ting;CHEN Yanfei;YAO Huaming;LI Yang(College of Resources and Environment,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;International Institute of Water Ecology,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,China;Hubei Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430100 [2]长江大学国际水生态研究院,湖北武汉430100 [3]湖北省水利水电科学研究院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《人民珠江》2020年第9期63-69,共7页Pearl River

基　　金：湖北省环境保护厅科研项目(2015HB17);湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(B2017030);湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心开放基金(B2017030)。

摘　　要：随着汉江流域经济社会发展用水量增长以及南水北调中线工程建成引水,汉江中下游流域水生态环境压力逐渐明显。选取汉江中下游2001—2014年的沈湾、余家湖、皇庄、罗汉闸以及石剅5个监测断面5个主要水质指标氨氮(NH 3-N)、高锰酸盐指数(COD Mn)、溶解氧(DO)、五日生化需氧量(BOD 5)、总磷(TP),采用单因子分析法、单因子指数法、综合水质标识指数法评价汉江中下游水质,并用Spearman秩相关系数对汉江中下游综合水质的变化趋势进行定量分析。研究结果表明,汉江中下游较差水质指标为TP和NH 3-N,较好水质指标为BOD 5,中游余家湖断面水质受NH 3-N影响较大,下游罗汉闸和皇庄断面综合水质限制因子为TP。空间上看,汉江中下游沈湾水质最好,石剅水质最差。从时间上分析,2001—2014年汉江中下游总体水质变化变好,研究结果可为该流域水污染防治提供理论依据。各个评价方法比较结果一致,综合指数法含有信息量更大,能充分表述每个断面的超标项个数以及污染程度,建议推广应用综合指数法。With the increase of water consumption for economic and social development in Hanjiang River Basin and the completion of middle route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project,the pressure of water ecological environment in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River Basin is increased gradually.This paper selects five main water quality indexes,including ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N),permanganate index(COD Mn),dissolved oxygen(DO),biochemical oxygen demand for five days(BOD 5)and total phosphorus(TP)from five monitoring sections i.e.Shenwan,Yujiahu,Huangzhuang,Luohanzha and Shilou in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River from 2001 to 2014,evaluates the water quality in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River by single factor analysis,single factor index and comprehensive water quality identification index,and conducts quantitative analysis of the changing trend of comprehensive water quality in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River with Spearman rank correlation coefficient.The results show that:At the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River,the relatively poorer indexes are TP and NH 3-N,while the better index is BOD 5.Moreover,NH 3-N influences the water quality of Yujiahu section in the middle reaches greatly,and TP is the limiting factor for the comprehensive water quality of Luohanzha and Huangzhuang sections in the lower reaches.In terms of space,the water quality of Shenwan in the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River is the best,and that of Shilou is the worst.In terms of time,the overall water quality of the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River improved constantly from 2001 to 2014.The results can serve as theoretical basis for water pollution control in this basin.Although consistent results were obtained by all the evaluation methods,the comprehensive index method contains more information,which can fully present the number of over-standard items and the pollution degree of each section.Consequently,it is suggested to be widely popularized and applied.

关 键 词：综合水质标识指数法 单因子评价法 秩相关系数法 汉江中下游 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]