清代以来中西闽南、闽东方言文献鼻音/入声韵母系统历史比较研究  

A Historical Comparison Between Nasal Final System and Entering Final System from Literatures Respectively in Chinese and English about Minnan Dialect and Eastern Min Dialect since Qing Dynasty

作　　者：马重奇[1] 马睿颖[2] MA Chong-qi;MA Rui-ying(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;College of Foreign Languages,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学文学院,福建福州350007 [2]福建师范大学外国语学院,福建福州350007

出　　处：《西南交通大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期21-31,共11页Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“海峡两岸闽南方言动态比较研究”(10ZD&128);国家社科基金青年项目“清末民初闽台传教士闽南辞书与闽南方言韵书音系动态比较研究”(FK001824)。

摘　　要：语言的空间差异和书面文献资料是观察语言演变的时间窗口。通过调查清代以来闽南漳泉方言、闽东福安方言的代表性文献,进行共时、历时的比较研究,发现方言的鼻音/入声韵母系统均有[-m]、[-n]、[-]鼻音韵尾和[-p]、[-t]、[-k]清辅音韵尾;而考察现在语言的空间差异,福安方言只有[-]鼻音韵尾和[-k]清辅音韵尾,[-m/-p]韵部之间基本对应,[-n/-t]韵部之间基本对应,就是[-/-k]韵部与韵部之间虽然还不完全对应,但基本上保留着中古音鼻音韵[-]/入声韵[-k]的结构格局。从历史资料的比较考察语言结构特征,探讨语言差异的原因,可知闽东北片方言产生变异是受到闽东南片方言、浙南吴语和闽北方言接触的影响;而福建闽南方言除了西片受到客家话影响大一些以外,东、南、北三片总体一致,[-m/-p]、[-n/-t]、[-/-k]韵尾不变。Spatial variability of language and written documents are both taken as windows of time to observe language contact in this paper.With comparatively synchronic and diachronic study of the representative literatures concerning dialects of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou in Southern region of Fujian and dialects of Fu an in East Fujian since Qing Dynasty,the article discovered the facts as follows:both nasal final system and entering final system contain nasal endings[-m],[-n],[-]and rhyme tails of voiceless consonants[-p],[-t],[-k];when it comes to the spatial differences,Fu an dialect contains only nasal ending[-]and rhyme tail of voiceless consonants[-k],rhyme category[-m/-p],[-n/-t]mainly correspond mutually,rhyme category[-/-k]correspond incompletely with each other but basically retain the pronunciation characters of nasal consonant[-]and entering final[-k]in mid-ancient China.Through comparative investigation of traits of language structure,the article summarizes the causes of linguistic variation as follows:the variations of dialect in northeast of Fujian are due to dialect contact involving dialect in south of East Fujian,Northern Min dialect and Wu dialect in south of Zhejiang;Minnan dialect maintains the overall consistency of rhyme category[-m/-p][-n/-t][-/-k]in east,south and north of Minnan region,while in west of Minnan region,the dialect is greatly affected by Hakka.

关 键 词：闽南方言 闽东方言 中西文献 鼻音/入声韵母 历史比较研究 

分 类 号：H01[语言文字—语言学]