根域通气与施肥对设施桃土壤及根活力的影响  

Effects of aeration and fertilizer in root zone on the soil and root vitality of in greenhouse peach

作　　者：惠基运 高彦刚 和华杰 盖瑜 刘波 王宇 郑立刚 王宁 陈修德[1,2,3] 肖伟 HUI Jiyun;GAO Yangang;HE Huajie;GAI Yu;LIU Bo;WANG Yu;ZHENG Ligang;WANG Ning;CHEN Xiude;XIAO Wei(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong 271018,China;Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency,Taian,Shandong 271018,China;State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian,Shandong 271018,China;Shandong Shibang Agrochemical Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250100,China;Zhucheng Agricultural Bureau Fruit Tea Station,Weifang,Shandong 262200,China;Daiyue District Ecological Forestry Development Center,Taian,Shandong 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安271018 [2]山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安271018 [3]作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [4]山东仕邦农化有限公司,济南250100 [5]诸城市农业局果茶站,山东潍坊262200 [6]山东省泰安市岱岳区生态林业发展中心,山东泰安271008

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2020年第7期1504-1512,共9页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系果品创新团队(SDAIT-06-01);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0201407)。

摘　　要：以‘中油4号’设施桃(Prunus persica var. nectariana ‘ZhongYou4’)为试材,设置通气结合补充土壤有机质至1%、3%和5%(分别记为TCK、T3%和T5%)及不通气结合补充土壤有机质至1%、3%和5%(分别记为BTCK、BT3%和BT5%)六个处理,以TCK和BTCK为双对照,研究根域通气结合增施有机肥(以下简称"气肥处理")对土壤速效养分、土壤酶、生物量及根活力的影响。结果如下:(1)在1月2日(萌芽期)、3月2日(果实膨大期)和4月30日(果实采收期), T5%处理下的脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶三种酶的活性均为各处理的最大值,且T5%处理下的三种酶活性均在果实采收期达到最大值。T5%处理下的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均为三个土层的最高值,三种微生物集中分布在20~40 cm土层。(2)根域气肥处理对土壤速效养分有影响。在萌芽期、果实膨大期和果实采收期, T5%处理的碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均为各个处理的最高值。(3)根域气肥处理提高了根系活力和根系的转氨酶活性。在各个时期, T5%处理下的根系活力均高于其他各个处理。各时期的根系谷草转氨酶(GOT)和谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性均在T5%处理下达到最高值。可见,增施有机肥结合根域通气更有利于改善设施桃地下部的生长环境, T5%为最佳处理。Peach ‘Zhongyou 4’(Prunus persica var. nectariana ‘ZhongYou4’) was used as experimental material, and six treatments of ventilation combined with supplementation of soil organic matter to 1%, 3% and 5%(recorded as TCK, T3% and T5%) and non-aeration combined with supplementation of soil organic matter to 1%, 3% and 5%(recorded as BTCK, BT3% and BT5%) were set up, and TCK and BTCK were used as double control. Effects of ventilation combined with increasing organic fertilizer in root zone(treatment of gas and fertilizer) on soil available nutrients, soil enzymes, biomass and root activity were studied. The results are as follows:(1) On January 2(germination stage), March 2(fruit enlargement stage) and April 30(fruit harvest period), the activities of urease, sucrase and phosphatase under T5% treatment were the highest, and the three enzyme activities under T5% treatment reached the maximum in the fruit harvesting period. The number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes under T5% treatment was the highest in the three soil layers, and the three microorganisms were concentrated in the 20-40 cm soil layer.(2) The treatment of gas and fertilizer in root zone has an effect on soil available nutrients. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of T5% treatment were the highest in germination stage, fruit enlargement stage and fruit harvesting period.(3) Gas and fertilizer treatment increased root activity and transaminase activity. In various periods, the root activity of T5% treatment was higher than that of other treatments. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) and glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT) in roots at each stage reached the highest value under T5% treatment. It can be seen that both increasing organic fertilizer and supplementing air in the root zone are more beneficial to improve the growth environment of the underground part of the peach, and T5% is the best treatment.

关 键 词：设施桃 根域通气 土壤 根 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学] S628[农业科学—园艺学]