美国《联邦数据战略与2020年行动计划》的分析及启示  

The Analysis of the US"Federal Data Strategy&2020 Action Plan"and Its Inspiration

作　　者：杨晶 康琪[1] 李哲[1] Yang Jing;Kang Qi;Li Zhe(Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development,Beijing 100038)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术发展战略研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《情报杂志》2020年第9期150-156,94,共8页Journal of Intelligence

基　　金：科技部战略研究项目“国家创新体系重大政策问题研究”(编号:ZLY201942)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]在大国博弈日益突出的背景下,数据已经成为国家重要的竞争要素和战略资源,且数据的使用正在改变经济、政府和社会。2019年12月,美国发布了《联邦数据战略与2020年行动计划》,对其主要内容进行梳理分析,有助于推进中国数据战略资源的管理与应用。[方法/过程]通过对《联邦数据战略与2020年行动计划》文本内容进行详细分析,从使命宣言、原则与实践、年度行动计划等层面对相关内容进行梳理、提炼并在此基础上进行评析。[结果/结论]研究结果得出四点重要启示:在战略由来方面,《联邦数据战略》从横向来看是美国数字战略的重要组成部分,从纵向来看是美国整体数据战略发展进程中的重要一环;在形成机制方面,充分发挥了部门宏观统筹协调、社会各界广泛参与机制;在战略制定方面,注重战略愿景与行动计划的高度关联;在战略内容方面,强调对数据资产的管理及促进各类主体对数据资源的有效获取和使用。由此,结合中国具体实践提出政策建议。[Purpose/Significance]In the context of the increasingly prominent game of big powers,data has become an important competitive element and strategic resource for the country,and the use of data is transforming the economy,government,and society.In December 2019,the United States issued the"Federal Data Strategy&2020 Action Plan".Analyzing its main content will help advance China's management and application of data strategic resources.[Method/Process]Based on a comparative analysis of the text content of the Federal Data Strategy&2020 Action Plan,we can refine and accurately describe the relevant content from the mission statement,principles and practices,and annual action plan.[Result/Conclusion]Four important revelations are drawn:In terms of strategy origin,the"Federal Data Strategy"is an important part of the U.S.digital strategy from a horizontal perspective,and also an important one in the development process of the U.S.data strategy from a vertical perspective.In terms of formation mechanism,it gives full play to the department's macro-coordination mechanism and extensive participation mechanism of all sectors of society;in terms of strategy formulation,it focuses on the high correlation between strategy vision and action plans;in terms of strategy content,it emphasizes the management of data assets and the effective acquisition and use of data resources.Therefore,policy suggestions are put forward in combination with China's specific practices.

关 键 词：数据战略 行动计划 战略资产 数据治理 数据开放 美国《联邦数据战略与2020年行动计划》 

分 类 号：D523[政治法律—政治学]