洞庭湖区景观生态风险评价及其时空演化  

Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment and Its Spatio-temporal Evolution in Dongting Lake Area

作　　者：熊鹰 汪敏[1] 袁海平 杜春艳 武海鹏[1,2] XIONG Ying;WANG Min;YUAN Haiping;DU Chunyan;WU Haipeng(School of Hydraulic Engineering,Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China;Key Laboratory of Dongting Lake Aquatic Eco-Environmental Control and Restoration of Hunan Province,Changsha 410114,China;Research center of Resource Environment and urban Planning of Changsha University of Science&Technology,Changsha 410114,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学水利工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]洞庭湖水环境治理与生态修复湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114 [3]长沙理工大学资源环境与城乡规划研究中心,湖南长沙410114

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第7期1292-1301,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(15BJY051);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2017JJ2264);湖南省水利科技项目(2015-254-19)。

摘　　要：洞庭湖是长江流域重要的调蓄湖泊,该区生态系统服务极为重要,也是中国重要的农产品提供区域。科学评估洞庭湖区景观生态风险,揭示其时空演化特征,对探究其生态格局形成过程与机理,降低生态风险胁迫具有重要意义。利用1990、2000、2010、2015年4期Landsat TM多光谱遥感影像,分析了1990—2015年洞庭湖区土地利用演变特征;基于景观生态学理论引入景观生态风险评价模型,将研究区划分为1165个生态风险评价单元,基于GIS和地统计学,构建景观生态风险指数模型,对洞庭湖区土地利用动态变化下的景观生态风险时空分布特征及空间关联格局进行了研究。结果表明:(1)1990—2015年,洞庭湖区各土地利用类型均发生了显著变化,其中建设用地面积增加较大,年均增幅达3.61%,主要由林地和耕地的转入;(2)1990—2015年,洞庭湖区的景观生态风险状况以较低生态风险、中等生态风险为主,其面积占景观总面积的70%以上。但高生态风险区域呈增加趋势,面积占比由1990年的4.95%,增加到2015年的8.70%;与2010年相比,中等风险区面积由46.09%降到2015年的34%,这期间低生态风险区和较低生态风险区的面积明显增加;(3)研究区各时期景观生态风险呈现正的空间相关性,且在空间上趋于集聚。景观生态风险分布与区域地理环境具有较高的耦合性,人类活动的集聚程度与风险的空间集聚程度是对应的。以湖滨地带为核心区和远离湖滨区为两大群体,高值-高值(H-H)风险聚集区主要分布湖滨周边,低值-低值(L-L)风险聚集区主要分布于远离湿地核心区的县市区域。研究结论以期为洞庭湖区生态保护与环境整治,调控生态风险提供参考。Dongting lake is an important regulating lake in the Yangtze River Valley.The ecosystem services in this area are very important and it is also an important agricultural product supply area in China.It is of great significance to scientifically assess the landscape ecological risk and reveal its spatio-temporal evolution characteristics in order to discuss the formation process and mechanism of the ecological pattern and reduce the ecological risk stress.LANDSAT TM multi-spectral remote sensing images from 1990,2000,2010 and 2015 were used to analyze the land use change characteristics in Dongting lake area from 1990 to 2015,and the landscape ecological risk assessment model was introduced based on the landscape ecology theory,the study area was divided into 1165 ecological risk assessment units,and the landscape ecological risk index model was constructed based on Gis and geostatistics,the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and spatial correlation pattern of landscape ecological risk under dynamic land use change in Dongting lake were studied.The results showed that:(1)From 1990 to 2015,the land use types in Dongting lake area changed significantly,and the construction land area increased by 3.61%per year,mainly from woodland and cultivated land;(2)From 1990 to 2015,the landscape ecological risk status in Dongting Lake is mainly low ecological risk and medium ecological risk,which accounts for more than 70%of the total landscape area.However,the area of high ecological risk areas increased from 4.95%in 1990 to 8.70%in 2015,and the area of medium risk areas decreased from 46.09%in 2010 to 34%in 2015,the area of low ecological risk area and low ecological risk area increased obviously during this period.And(3)the landscape ecological risk of Dongting Lake area showed positive correlation from 1990 to 2015,and tended to aggregate in space.The distribution of landscape ecological risk in Dongting lake is highly coupled with the regional geographical environment,and the degree of human activities is corresp

关 键 词：土地利用 景观生态风险 空间特征 时空演化 洞庭湖区 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学] X820.4[生物学—普通生物学]