土壤-水环境中苯砷酸类化合物修复研究进展  

Progress in Researches on Remediation of Phenyl Arsonic Acid Compounds in Soil-water Environment

作　　者：朱濛 程楠楠 杨如意[1,2] 周守标 张菊琴[1] 张梦云 ZHU Meng;CHENG Nannan;YANG Ruyi;ZHOU Shoubiao;ZHANG Juqin;ZHANG Mengyun(School of Ecology and Environment,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241002,China;Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation,Wuhu 241002,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生态与环境学院,安徽芜湖241002 [2]安徽省水土污染治理与修复工程实验室,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2020年第7期1475-1486,共12页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807117);安徽师范大学本科生优秀毕业论文(设计、创作)培育计划项目(pyjh2018487);安徽师范大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201910370072)。

摘　　要：近年来,洛克沙胂(Roxarsone,ROX)、阿散酸(p-Arsanilic acid,p-AsA)、二苯砷酸(Diphenylarsinic acid,DPAA)和苯砷酸(Phenylarsonic acid,PAA)引起的土壤-水环境砷污染问题受到广泛关注,如何去除苯砷酸类化合物至关重要。文章综述了苯砷酸类化合物的吸附、(光)化学氧化和微生物降解方面的研究进展。主要结论为,(1)金属氧化物、纳米材料和金属有机骨架材料都是苯砷酸类化合物的有效吸附剂,主要吸附机制包括配位交换、氢键、离子交换、静电引力、π-π电子供体-受体和π-π堆积作用,且吸附过程受铁氧化物的结晶度、苯砷酸类化合物的取代基以及pH、PO43-、离子强度、有机质和无机砷等环境因子影响。(2)化学氧化、光降解以及光催化氧化法能够将苯砷酸类化合物降解为小分子有机物,甚至是无机砷,且降解效率受温度、pH、溶解氧、离子种类和强度以及天然有机物等环境因子的影响。(3)微生物降解也能有效去除ROX和DPAA,已经报道的降解菌有α-变形菌(Alphaproteobacteria)、厚壁菌(Firmicutes)、肠杆菌(Enterobacter)、希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)、嗜碱菌(Alkaliphilus)、梭状菌(Clostridium)、粘着剑菌(Ensifer adhaerens)、不动盖球菌(Kytococcus sedentarius)和紫金牛叶杆菌(Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum);其中,ROX和DPAA的微生物降解分别从硝基还原和苯环的羟基化开始,继而发生芳环裂解并释放出无机砷。未来应深化认识吸附机制,开发天然材料和生物材料,加强复合材料和改性材料的研究;探明(光)化学反应机理,发展(光)化学耦合微生物降解的处理技术;多途径提高微生物降解效率,在细胞、分子和基因水平揭示微生物降解机制,为土壤-水环境中苯砷酸类化合物污染的修复提供理论与技术支持。Recently, arsenic contamination derived from roxarsone(ROX), p-Arsanilic acid(p-AsA), diphenylarsinic acid(DPAA) and phenylarsonic acid(PAA) in soil-water environment has received widespread attention. How to remove phenyl arsonic acid compounds is of great importance. Here, we review the research progress on the adsorption,(photo)chemical oxidation and microbial degradation of phenyl arsonic acid compounds, and the main conclusions obtained are as follows. Firstly, metal oxides, nanomaterials and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) are all efficient adsorbents for phenyl arsonic acid compounds, and the adsorption is completed mainly via coordination, hydrogen bonding, ion exchange, electric attraction, π-π electron donor/acceptor as well as π-π stacking interactions. Studies in the past also reported that the adsorption process was controlled by a variety of factors, including the crystallinity of iron oxide, the substituents of phenyl arsonic acid compounds and the environmental factors like pH, PO43-, ionic strength, organic matter and inorganic arsenic. Secondly, chemical oxidation, photodegradation and photocatalysis have been demonstrated to be effective methods to degrade phenyl arsonic acid compounds into low molecular organic compounds, and even inorganic arsenic. The key environmental factors for the(photo)chemical degradation of phenyl arsonic acid compounds included temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, type of ions, ionic strength and natural organic matter. Thirdly, many microorganisms have been reported to be able to remove ROX and DPAA, such as Alphaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, Enterobacter, Shewanella, Alkaliphilus, Clostridium, Ensifer adhaerens, Kytococcus sedentarius and Phyllobacterium myrsinacearum. Among these, microbial degradation of ROX and DPAA is started from the reduction of the nitro group and the hydroxylation of the benzene ring, respectively, and followed by the ring cleavage and the release of the arsenate group. For further researches, emphases should be laid on the following aspects

关 键 词：洛克沙胂 阿散酸 二苯砷酸 苯砷酸 污染修复 土壤-水环境 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52