违反“强制性规定”的合同效力问题研究  

On the Validity of Contracts in the Violation of“Mandatory Provisions”

作　　者：叶雄彪 Ye Xiongbiao

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学法学院

出　　处：《法治社会》2020年第5期99-110,共12页Law-Based Society

摘　　要：《民法典》第一百五十三条第一款对《合同法》第五十二条第五项进行了选择性继承,对该条“强制性规定”的理解是解决违法合同效力问题的关键。该条将“强制性规定”的法律位阶限制为“法律、行政法规”存在诸多弊端,有必要进行扩张,将行政规章等低位阶规范纳入“强制性规定”范围中。此外,理论上将“强制性规定”引致范围限定在公法领域的理由并不充分,也不符合我国的立法和司法审判实践情况,在适用《民法典》第一百五十三条第一款时,公法与私法都应当属于“强制性规定”的引致范围。司法实践提出的“效力性强制性规定”理论存在体系上的漏洞,不利于违法合同效力问题解决,《民法典》没有采取这一概念,应当视为对这一理论的抛弃。法典的出台及对该条规定的研究却并不意味着违法合同效力问题的解决,违法合同效力的判定还需仰赖裁判经验的积累,而案例的类型化则是一条可供选择的出路。The first paragraph of Article 153 of the Civil Code selectively inherits item 5 of Article 52 of the Contract Law,and the proper understanding of the“mandatory provisions”of this article is the key to solve the problem of the validity of illegal contracts.This article limits the legal rank of“mandatory provisions”to“laws and administrative regulations”.There are many drawbacks in this article.It is necessary to expand the scope of“mandatory provisions”by including administrative rules and other low-level norms.In addition,there are not enough reasons to limit the scope of“mandatory provisions”in the field of public law in theory,and they are not in line with the legislative and judicial practice of China.In the application of the first paragraph of Article 153 of the Civil Code,both public law and private law should fall within the scope of“mandatory provisions”.There are loopholes in the system of the theory of“effective mandatory provisions”put forward in judicial practice,which is not conducive to solving the problem of the validity of illegal contracts.The civil code does not adopt this concept,which should be regarded as the abandonment of this theory.However,the promulgation of the Civil Code and the study of this provision do not mean the solution to the problem of the validity of illegal contracts.The judgment of the validity of the illegal contracts still depends on the accumulation of judicial experience and the typification of cases is an alternative way out.

关 键 词：强制性规定 法律位阶 引致范围 效力性强制性规定 类型化 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]