饮食日记对出院后老年卧床患者营养状况的影响  

Effect of diet diary on nutritional status of elderly bedridden patients after discharge

作　　者：肖凤霞[1] 卢少萍[1] 徐永能[1] 李绣球[1] 李远红[1] XIAO Fengxia;LU Shaoping;XU Yongneng;LI Xiuqiu;LI Yuanhong(Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital,Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences,Guangdong Institute of Geriatrics,Guangzhou 510080,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]广东省人民医院//广东省医学科学院//广东省老年医学研究所,广东广州510080

出　　处：《现代医院》2020年第9期1354-1357,共4页Modern Hospitals

基　　金：广东省医学科学技术研究基金(A2012004);广东省科技计划项目(2012B040301039)。

摘　　要：目的探讨饮食日记对出院后卧床老年患者营养状况的影响。方法将120例老年卧床患者按出院时间顺序编号,奇数号为观察组,偶数号为对照组,每组各60例。出院前两天均对患者进行营养评估,对照组按常规对患者本人及其照顾者给予出院饮食宣教指导,观察组除常规宣教外,外展小组对其照顾者进行专业的饮食指导,教会其在设计好的表格上做记录,如实记录每天的进食情况,并每日向外展小组反馈当天的饮食情况,外展小组根据患者病情结合饮食日记进行分析讨论,对饮食问题进行及时有效的反馈沟通。经过持续干预6月,分别于出院时、3个月、6个月进行营养状况评估。结果出院3个月时观察组营养不良的发生率(41.67%)低于对照组(63.33%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院6个月时观察组营养不良的发生率(39.65%)低于对照组(63.63%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者营养状况有显著改善,而对照组患者营养状况变化不明显。结论饮食日记能帮助老年卧床患者改善营养状况。Objective To explore the effect of diet diary on the nutritional status of bedridden elderly patients after discharge.Methods 120 elderly bedridden patients were divided into experimental group and even number group according to discharge time,60cases in each group.Two days before discharge,the patients were given nutritional evaluation.The control group was given diet education and guidance according to the routine of the patients themselves and their caregivers.In addition to the routine mission,the outreach team gives professional dietary guidance to their caregivers and teaches them to make notes on a designed form,such as recording the daily eating situation,and daily feedback to the outreach group on the diet,outreach group according to the patient's condition combined with daily diary for analysis and discussion,timely and effective feedback and communication on diet problems.After continuous intervention for 6 months,nutritional status was assessed at discharge:3 months and 6 months.Results The incidence of malnutrition in the observation group(41.67%)was lower than that of the control group(63.33%)at 3 months after discharge,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the incidence of malnutrition in the observation group was 6 months after discharge(39.65%)was lower than the control group(63.63%),the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The nutritional status of patients in the observation group improved significantly,while the nutritional status of patients in the control group did not change significantly.Conclusion Diet diary can help the elderly bedridden patients to improve their nutritional status.

关 键 词：饮食日记 卧床老年患者 营养 

分 类 号：R153.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R197.323.2[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]