不同产量水平稻茬小麦氮素需求特征研究  

Nitrogen demand characteristics with different grain yield levels for wheat after rice

作　　者：杜宇笑 李鑫格 王雪[1] 刘小军[1] 田永超[1] 朱艳[1] 曹卫星[1] 曹强[1] DU Yu-Xiao;LI Xin-Ge;WANG Xue;LIU Xiao-Jun;TIAN Yong-Chao;ZHU Yan;CAO Wei-Xing;CAO Qiang(National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture,Nanjing Agricltural University/Engineering and Research Center for Smart Agriculture,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture,Nanjing 210095,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学国家信息农业工程技术中心/智慧农业教育部工程研究中心/农业农村部农作物系统分析与决策重点实验室/江苏省信息农业重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第11期1780-1789,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31601222);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(KJQN201725);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS[2019]433,JATS[2019]141)资助。

摘　　要：明确长江中下游地区不同产量水平稻茬小麦氮素需求特征,可为小麦施肥管理提供理论依据。本研究通过在江苏开展的多年多点不同品种、氮肥水平以及播期播量的小麦试验,构建不同产量水平的实测数据集,分析不同产量水平下单位籽粒需氮量、干物质积累量、植株氮积累量、氮浓度(植株氮浓度、秸秆氮浓度、籽粒氮浓度)、收获指数、氮收获指数和氮营养指数的变化规律。结果表明,不同产量水平下单位籽粒需氮量无显著差异,中低产的单位籽粒需氮量最高,其值为27.8 kg t–1;低产水平最低,其值为24.8 kg t–1。随着产量水平的提高,成熟期干物质积累量、植株氮积累量、植株氮浓度均呈上升趋势,不同产量水平间差异显著。小麦产量与植株氮积累量呈显著正相关,播种期—拔节期、拔节期—开花期和开花期—成熟期的干物质积累量和氮积累量均随着产量的提高而提高,但不同生育阶段的植株干物质积累和氮积累占比呈现不同变化趋势。秸秆和籽粒氮浓度均随产量水平的提高而提高,高产水平下的秸秆氮浓度与中产无显著差异,但显著高于中低产和低产水平;而对于籽粒氮浓度,除中产和中低产水平外均存在显著差异。收获指数随产量水平的提高而逐渐提高,其变化范围为0.39~0.49,其中低产和中低产显著低于中产和高产;而不同产量水平间氮收获指数无显著差异,其变化范围为0.60~0.96。氮营养指数随着产量水平的提高逐渐提高,且在不同产量水平间差异显著,高产水平的氮营养指数较高,部分值大于1,表明有的试验氮肥供应过量。随着产量水平的提高,单位籽粒需氮量呈现先增加后下降趋势,而干物质积累量、植株氮积累量、植株氮浓度、秸秆氮浓度和籽粒氮浓度均逐渐提高,其中秸秆氮浓度增幅高于籽粒氮浓度,田间施肥应注意避免小麦对氮素的奢侈吸收。�It is necessary to clarify the nitrogen(N)demand characteristics with yield levels for wheat after rice in the middle and down reaches of the Yangtze River,which could provide theoretical basis for N fertilizer management.Based-on the multi-years and multi-sites wheat experiments in Jiangsu province,this study constructed the datasets of different yield levels derived from different varieties,N rates,densities,and sowing date experiments.N indicators including N requirement per ton grain(Nreq),dry matter accumulation(DMA),plant N accumulation(PNA),plant N concentration(PNC),straw N concentration(SNC),grain N concentration(GNC),harvest index(HI),N harvest index(NHI)and N nutrition index(NNI)were analyzed.The results showed that there were not significant differences in Nreq among the different yield levels,and the highest Nreq was middle-low yield with 27.8 kg t–1,while the lowest value was 24.8 kg t–1 for low yield level.With the increase of yield levels,DMA,PNA and PNC all showed a gradually increasing trend during maturity stage,and there were significant differences among the different yield levels.There was a significant positive correlation between grain yield and PNA,the DMA and PNA increased with the increase of yield in the sowing–jointing stage,jointing–flowering stage and flowering–maturing stage,but the DMA and PNA proportion in different growth stages showed different trends.The SNC and GNC increased with the increase of yield levels.For SNC,there was no significant difference between the high yield and middle yield level,but it was significantly higher than the low-middle and low yield level.For GNC,there were significant differences among different yield levels except for the middle and low-middle yield level.The HI increased gradually with the increase of the yield levels,and its range was 0.39–0.49.The HI for low-middle and low yields were significantly lower than that of middle and high yield levels,while there were not significant differences in NHI among different yield levels.Its v

关 键 词：产量水平 单位籽粒需氮量 收获指数 氮营养指数 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]