不同微喷氮肥制度对冬小麦产量及水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizations with Micro-spraying System on Yield,Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat

作　　者：菅浩然[1] 刘洪波[1] 李连豪 李宗鹏 杨亚伟 JIAN Haoran;LIU Hongbo;LI Lianhao;LI Zongpeng;YANG Yawei(Institute of Water Conservancy Engineering,Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute,Kaifeng 475004,China;National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei 230036,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Henan Ruitong Irrigation and Drainge Equipment Co.,Ltd,Kaifeng 475000,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利职业技术学院水利工程学院,河南开封475004 [2]安徽农业大学作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室,合肥230036 [3]河南农业大学机电工程学院,郑州450002 [4]河南瑞通灌排设备有限公司,河南开封475000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第9期26-31,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：作物抗逆育种与减灾国家地方联合工程实验室开放基金资助项目(NELCOF20190104);河南省科技开放合作项目(172106000015);河南农业大学“百名教授、千名学生、服务万村”基金项目(3080163)。

摘　　要：【目的】建立新乡地区微喷水肥一体化条件下冬小麦适宜的氮肥管理制度。【方法】通过田间试验,对比研究了传统灌溉施肥制度(畦灌,施氮量300 kg/hm^2,CK)以及微喷水肥一体化条件下不同氮肥施入量(180 kg/hm^2,N1;240 kg/hm^2,N2;300 kg/hm^2,N3)和不同追氮频率(1次,F1;2次,F2)对冬小麦产量、灌浆期旗叶净光合速率及水氮利用效率的影响。【结果】当施氮量>240 kg/hm^2,施氮频率为2次时,冬小麦产量不再显著增加,穗粒数和千粒质量随着施氮量和施氮频率的增大而增加,在开花期追氮能提高旗叶净光合速率,N3、N2和N1在F2施氮频率下比在F1施氮频率下平均千粒质量提高1.3%,平均产量增加3.0%;N2F2处理和N3F2处理下对应的水分利用效率和氮素利用效率最高,但N2F2处理要比N3F2处理节省60 kg/hm^2氮肥施用量。同时,相比于传统灌溉施肥管理制度而言,采用微喷水肥一体化技术能在保持产量不变的情况下,显著提高了氮素和水分利用效率。【结论】建议地区微喷水肥一体化技术条件下采用240 kg/hm^2的氮肥施用量,并且在拔节期和开花期分2次追施70 kg/hm^2氮肥。【Background】Excessive and inappropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer is not only a waste of resource but could also give rise to environmental pollution.Developing improved nitrogen fertilizer application methods is hence imperative to improve its use efficiency in constructing sustainable agriculture【.Objective】The purpose of this paper is to experimentally seek suitable N-fertilizer application and management for winter wheat with micro-sprinkling fertigation.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a winter wheat field at Xinxiang experimental station of Henan province.It compared the effects of three nitrogen application amounts-180 kg/hm^2(N1),240 kg/hm^2(N2)and 300 kg/hm^2(N3)-applied at two frequencies:one topdressing(F1)and two top dressings(F2)on yield,net photosynthetic rate and water and nitrogen utilization of the winter wheat.【Result】The yield of the winter wheat increased with nitrogen application but became asymptotic when nitrogen application exceeded 240 kg/hm^2,regardless of its application frequency.The numbers of kernels per spike and the thousand-grain weight increased with both nitrogen application amount and frequency.Compared with the traditional nitrogen application at jointing stage by local farmers,topdressing the nitrogen twice,one at jointing stage and one at flowering stage,increased the net photosynthetic rate of the flag leaves,thereby increasing the thousand-grain weight and the yield by 13.3%and 3.0%respectively.The N2+F2 and N3+F2 treatments had the highest water and nitrogen use efficiency,but N2+F2 saved 60 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen compared to N3+F2.【Conclusion】Applying 240 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen with micro-sprinkling fertigation,with 70 kg/hm^2 top-dressed at jointing stage and another 70 kg/hm^2 top-dressed at the anthesis stage,was most water-and nitrogen-efficient in the studied area.

关 键 词：微喷 水肥一体化 水氮利用效率 产量 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S275.5[农业科学—农业工程]