深度贫困地区农户生计恢复力测度及其障碍因素诊断——基于河南省某深度贫困乡镇的实证调查  

On Measurement of Rural Households’Livelihood Resilience and Diagnosis of the Obstacle Factors in Seriously Impoverished Areas:An Empirical Investigation Based on a Seriously Poverty Town in Henan Province

作　　者：王亚红[1] 马道萍 WANG Ya-hong;MA Dao-ping(School of Tourism Management,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学旅游管理学院,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《农林经济管理学报》2020年第4期476-484,共9页Journal of Agro-Forestry Economics and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BJY164);河南省高等学校哲学社会科学研究应用研究重大项目(2018-YYZD-16);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(软科学)计划(19A790025)。

摘　　要：以深度贫困地区农户为研究对象,以缓冲能力、自组织能力、学习能力为生计恢复力的分析框架,采取主成分分析、熵值法、障碍度诊断模型等定量研究方法,对不同贫困属性和脱贫属性农户的生计恢复力及其影响因素进行测度。结果表明:不同贫困属性农户的生计恢复力水平由高到低依次为一般农户、一般贫困户、低保贫困户和五保贫困户,且分化很明显;不同脱贫属性农户的生计恢复力水平由高到低依次是已脱贫农户、返贫农户、持续贫困农户,脱贫农户生计恢复力明显高于未脱贫农户。在生计恢复力障碍因子的诊断中,发现学习能力障碍最为明显,缓冲能力障碍次之,最后是自组织能力障碍。具体影响因素中,是否在外务工、在外务工时间及家庭在校生状况是最突出的3个影响因子。对此,建议把生计恢复力作为深度贫困地区农户稳定、可持续脱贫的重要着力点,从培养贫困户学习知识技能、鼓励子女接受教育、增加就业机会等方面完善政策。The paper,with the rural households in seriously impoverished areas as the research object,took the buffer capacity,self-organization and capacity for learning as the analytical framework and adopted such quantitative research methods as principal component analysis,entropy value method and diagnostic mod⁃el of barrier level to measure the livelihood resilience of farmers with different poverty attributes and out-ofpoverty attributes and the factors affecting them.The results show that the level of rural households’livelihood resilience of different poverty attributes can be clearly differentiated in descending order of the general rural households,the ordinary poverty households,low-income families and rural poverty households enjoying the five guarantees.The level of rural households’livelihood resilience of different shake-off-poverty attributes is determined in the descending order of out-of-poverty households,poverty-returning households,and persistent⁃ly poverty-stricken households.The livelihood resilience of out-of-poverty householdsis significantly higher than that of poverty-returning households and persistently poverty-stricken households.In the diagnosis of live⁃lihood resilience disorder factors,it is found that the learning ability disorder is the most obvious,followed by the buffer capacity disorder and the self-organization disorder.Among the influencing factors,whether farmers are the external workers or not,the time spent working outside home,and the situation of children in school are the three most prominent factors.In this regard,it is suggested thatlivelihood resilience should be taken as an important focus for stable and sustainable poverty alleviation efforts in deep poverty areas,and policies should be improved in terms of training poor households to acquire knowledge and skills,encouraging their children to receive education,and increasing employment opportunities.

关 键 词：深度贫困地区 农户 生计恢复力 障碍因子诊断 

分 类 号：F320.2[经济管理—产业经济]