寒冷地区葡萄树体越冬防寒方法及生产成本分析  

Overwintering and production investment of grapevine in cold region

作　　者：鲁会玲 覃杨[1] 董畅[1] 肖丽珍[1] 杨瑞华[1] 胡禧熙[2] LU Huiling;QIN Yang;DONG Chang;XIAO Lizhen;YANG Ruihua;HU Xixi(Horticultural Sub-Academy,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150069,China;Daqing Sub-Academy,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Daqing 163316,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院,黑龙江哈尔滨150069 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,黑龙江大庆163316

出　　处：《中外葡萄与葡萄酒》2020年第5期25-27,共3页Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine

基　　金：国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-29-9);黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”专项—果树优异种质资源创新及关键栽培技术研究。

摘　　要：本文详细论述寒冷地区葡萄树体越冬防寒的几种方法,包括土壤防寒法、秸秆配合土壤防寒法、保温被覆盖防寒法,并分别对其优缺点及生产成本进行比较分析。对比认为,采用保温被覆盖葡萄树体的防寒方法具有劳动效率高、投入成本低的优点。虽然一次性生产投入较高,但分摊到每年的生产成本较低,仅为埋土防寒方法的三分之一左右,且防寒劳动效率可提高4.5倍,解除防寒劳动效率提高7倍,防寒时段延长20 d以上,劳动强度由重体力劳动转变为轻体力劳动,符合葡萄省力化生产方向,破解了寒冷地区葡萄规模化生产瓶颈问题,是一种比较优化的防寒方式,在北方有着广阔的发展空间。Several methods of overwintering of grapevine in cold region were discussed in details,such as soilburied,soil-buried with straws,insulation-covered.Meanwhile,their advantages and disadvantages and the production investment were analyzed,respectively.The results showed that the vine insulation-covered method was better,it had a higher one-time investment,but the average cost of each year was lower for one third of soilburied method.At the same time,the efficiency of labor increased by 4.5 times on soil-buried,about 7 times on soilremoved.Furthermore,the covering method could delay the protection period 20 days.Finally,the intensity of labor changed from the heavy manual labor into light manual labor.In short,the covering method of vine overwintering could save labour and reduce investment,and solve the grape large-scale production bottlenecks in cold district.

关 键 词：寒冷地区 葡萄树体 防寒方法 成本分析 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学] S426[农业科学—园艺学]