上海中医药博物馆藏乾隆针灸铜人的宗教意蕴  

Religious Connotation of the Bronze Acupuncture Status Made in the Qianlong Period Collected by Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine

作　　者：袁开惠 刘庆宇 崔为 Yuan Kaihui;Liu Qingyu;Cui Wei

机构地区：[1]上海中医药大学科技人文研究院,201203 [2]长春中医药大学图书馆,130117

出　　处：《中医药文化》2020年第4期33-39,共7页Chinese Medical Culture

基　　金：国家教育部人文社会科学青年项目“三部西汉墓出土简帛医书病证名研究”(19YJC740112);上海市哲学社会科学一般项目“老官山医简文献《六十病方》综合研究”(2018BTQ004);上海市卫生与计划生育委员会项目“老官山医简《六十病方》综合研究”(2014JQ027A)。

摘　　要：上海中医药博物馆藏乾隆针灸铜人,从外部特征看,为一怀孕之老妪形象,面部塑造借鉴了乾隆时期佛家造像的特征。学者对其性别多有关注,但对于其形象与寓意却少有探究。实际上,乾隆铜人有着独特的宗教意蕴,可能是满族始祖神与庇护神佛多妈妈的形象。佛多妈妈是满族各姓家祭与清朝国祭的共神,乾隆铜人既为医学之工具,也寄托着清廷对始祖神祛除疾疫、庇佑清朝安康的祈求,反映了乾隆时期为增强民族凝聚力,统一满族各姓萨满信仰的史实,承载着清朝满族、汉族等多民族融合的政治理念与萨满教、佛教合一的宗教意图。In Shanghai Museum of Traditional Chinese Medicine,there is a bronze acupuncture status made in the Qianlong period.From the external characteristics,the status looks like a pregnant old woman and the facial feature of it is similar to that of the Buddhist statues during the Qianlong period.Scholars paid more attention to its gender than to its image and implication.In fact,the bronze acupuncture status made in Qianlong period has a unique religious connotation,which may be the image of the goddess Fodo Mama who was regarded as the ancestor and protector of Manchu.As Fodo Mama was goddess of Manchu clans and the whole country in the Qing dynasty,the bronze statue was not only a medical tool but also carried the prayer of the Qing court for health and well-being.It reflected the historical facts that in the Qianlong period,the Qing government unified the faith of the Manchu clans to enhance the national cohesion,which carried its political idea of realizing the integration of the Manchu,Han and other nationalities and its intention of unifying Shamanism and Buddhism.

关 键 词：乾隆铜人 佛多妈妈 巫医 满汉 佛萨 

分 类 号：R245-33[医药卫生—针灸推拿学]