次磷酸铝/聚磷酸铵阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料的性能研究  

Study on Properties of Flame Retardant PUF with ALHP/APP

作　　者：蔡昌辰 张凯 孙茜 徐言军 李爱香[1] CAI Chang-chen;ZHANG Kai;SUN Qian;XU Yan-jun;LI Ai-xiang(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;Ji’nan Aomeilianya Industrial and Mining Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Ji'nan 255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学材料科学与工程学院,山东淄博255049 [2]济南奥美联亚工矿设备有限公司,山东济南255000

出　　处：《塑料科技》2020年第8期11-14,共4页Plastics Science and Technology

摘　　要：以次磷酸铝(ALHP)和聚磷酸铵(APP)为阻燃剂,采用一步发泡法制备了阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料(PUF)。研究了ALHP和APP单独及复配使用对PUF极限氧指数(LOI)的影响,以及ALHP/APP复配阻燃剂对PUF热稳定性能、拉伸强度、成炭性能和残炭形貌的影响。结果表明:当阻燃剂总添加量为25%,ALHP和APP的质量比为5:1时,LOI达到了28%。拉伸测试结果表明:ALHP/APP的加入显著地提高了PUF的拉伸强度。TGA分析结果表明:阻燃剂ALHP/APP的加入使PUF提前脱水成炭,增加了PUF在高温下的热稳定性能与成炭性能。SEM观察结果表明:ALHP/APP的加入使得PUF表面形成了致密的膨胀炭层,有效地发挥了隔热、隔氧的作用,从而提升了PUF的阻燃性能。Flame retardant polyurethane foams(PUFs)were prepared with a one-step foaming method by using aluminum hypophosphite(ALHP)and ammonium polyphosphate(APP)as flame retardants.The effects of alone and combined use of ALHP and APP on the limit oxygen index(LOI)of PUFs were investigated.At the same time,the effects of the ALHP/APP flame retardant on the thermal stability,tensile strength,charring capacity,and char morphology of PUFs were also investigated.The results show that when the total amount of flame retardant is 25%and the mass ratio of ALHP and APP is 5:1,the LOI reaches 28%.Tensile test results show that the addition of ALHP/APP significantly improve the tensile strength of PUFs.The TGA results show that the addition of the flame retardant ALHP/APP dehydrates the PUF to char in advance and increases the thermal stability and charring capacity of the PUF at high temperature.The SEM results show that the addition of ALHP/APP formed a dense expanded char residue layer on the PUF surface,which effectively plays the role of heat insulation and oxygen barrier and improves the flame retardancy of PUF.

关 键 词：聚氨酯泡沫 次磷酸铝 聚磷酸铵 阻燃性能 成炭性能 

分 类 号：TQ328.3[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]