食用昆虫斗米虫的微生物安全性评价  

Microbiological Safety Evaluation of Edible Bucket Worms

作　　者：蔡泱莲 邱凡 黄宽官 张心齐[1] 吴鸿[1] 黄俊浩[1] CAI Yang-Lian;QIU Fan;HUANG Kuan-Guan;ZHANG Xin-Qi;WU Hong;HUANG Jun-Hao(College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,杭州311300

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2020年第9期1675-1687,共13页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2018SY05)。

摘　　要：斗米虫是桑天牛(Apriona germari)和锈色粒肩天牛(A.swainsoni)寄生于豆科植物云实(Caesalpinia decapetala)树干的幼虫,具有丰富的营养价值和药用价值,一直在民间被广泛流传和应用。本研究拟为斗米虫的食用安全性评价提供参考依据。首先通过高通量测序和传统培养两种方法对鲜食斗米虫的微生物群落结构进行表征,进一步根据GB4789.1-2016和ISO标准,针对食品微生物学安全性检验要求的肠杆菌(Enterobacteriaceae)、酵母菌(Saccharomycete)、霉菌和乳酸菌(Lactobacillales)4类微生物进行分析,并针对耐热菌进行传统培养。结果表明,两种斗米虫的微生物群落组成无显著差异。细菌群落结构中,桑天牛幼虫以变形菌门、带氧发光菌门和拟杆菌门为主,锈色粒肩天牛以变形菌门、厚壁菌门和放线菌门为主。子囊菌门和担子菌门为两种斗米虫真菌群落的优势菌群,其中以子囊菌门占绝对优势。安全性检测相关指标的分析表明,对于桑天牛和绣色粒肩天牛,在细菌丰度中,肠杆菌科分别占60.28%和39.82%,乳杆菌目分别占1.24%和3.65%;在真菌丰度中,霉菌分别占40.26%和6.74%,酵母分别占59.74%和93.26%,其中常见有害酵母21属。此外,两种斗米虫中还存在葡萄球菌属、链霉菌属、不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属等4个具有潜在危害的耐热菌种属,在50℃、60℃和70℃处理后菌落数显著减少,80℃条件下基本完全灭活。上述研究结果表明,斗米虫中存在多种潜在的腐败细菌和食物病原体,通过热处理等具有微生物灭活作用的加工步骤可避免或最小化食用安全风险。本研究基于高通量测序的安全评价,可对食用昆虫卫生标准提供参考依据。Bucket worms are larva of longhorn beetles Apriona germari and A.swainsoni living in the trunk of Caesalpinia decapetala(Leguminosae).These insects are considered of high nutritional and medicinal value,and therefore widely consumed.The purpose of this study was to characterize the microflora of fresh edible bucket worms by the methods of high-throughput sequencing and traditional culture,and further evaluate the food safety based on relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae,Saccharomycete,molds,and lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillales)according to GB4789.1-2016 and ISO standards,and culture-dependent method was used to analyze thermoduric bacteria.The results showed that there were no significant differences between the microbial community compositions of 2 bucket worm species.The bacterial community of A.germari was mainly composed of Proteobacteria,Oxyphotobacteria and Bacteroides,while A.swainsoni was mainly composed of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Actinobacteria.Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant fungal phyla in 2 bucket worm species,in which Ascomycetes were the absolutely dominant group.The analysis of safety-related indicators showed that relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in A.germari and A.swainsoni accounted for 60.28%and 39.82%,while Lactobacillus accounted for 1.24%and 3.65%respectively in bacteria;the molds accounted for 40.26%and 6.74%in fungal,while the yeast accounted for 59.74%and 93.26%respectively.Among yeast,21 genera were found common in bucket worms,which were considered to be toxic or harmful to human beings(Homo sapien).In addition,4 genera of potentially poisonous thermoduric bacteria including Staphylococcus,Streptomyces,Acinetobacter,and Pseudomonas were identified in 2 insect species,the colony number was significantly reduced after treatment at 50℃,60℃and 70℃,and almost inactivated completely at 80℃.Overall,the results of this study indicated that there were a variety of potential spoilage bacteria and food pathogens in the bucket worms,and the food safety risk

关 键 词：云实蛀虫 桑天牛 锈色粒肩天牛 耐热菌 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S862[农业科学—野生动物驯养] Q939[农业科学—畜牧兽医]