宣统元年东三省总督人事变动与清末政局  

The Change of Governors of the Three Northeast Provinces in 1909 and the Political Situation of the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：潘崇 Pan Chong

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《史学月刊》2020年第10期40-49,共10页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“锡良与清末新政研究”(13CZS055);中国博士后科学基金第6批特别资助项目“民族国家视域下锡良与清末边疆新政研究”(2013T60233)。

摘　　要：宣统元年(1909年)正月十九日,徐世昌离任东三省总督,补授邮传部尚书,云贵总督锡良调补东三省总督。尽管徐、锡人事变动不乏个人使力因素且皆与驱袁事件脱不了干系,但整体看来,实为载沣斟酌其时政治局势做出的正常人事调整。徐世昌离东内用,长远原因是其东三省施政屡遭时论指斥,驱袁事件则客观上加速了其请辞步伐并营谋内调。清廷内用徐世昌实收一箭数雕之效:顺应舆论要求且顾及了徐氏情绪,并能以徐氏之才补邮传部尚书空缺,同时又有监视督导之意。是举体现出在光、宣之交权力交接以及老臣凋零的时代背景下,载沣致力于消减驱袁之后弥漫于官场的不安情绪并培植枢臣人选的努力和追求。锡良由滇调东,根本原因是其施政能力得到载沣信任赏识,而其廉洁自律的品行、滇督任内屡屡请辞的个人诉求以及蒙古旗人身份、"平日不附项城"等因素,则增添了重要砝码。On January 19,1909,Xu Shichang left his post as the governor of the three northeast provinces of China and was appointed as the minister of the Ministry of Postal Communication,while Xi Liang,governor of Yunnan and Guizhou,was transferred to be the new governor of the three northeast provinces.Although this personnel change was in no lack of personal endeavors,and was closely linked with the event of expelling Yuan Shikai,it was actually a normal personnel adjustment made by Zaifeng after pondering over the whole political situation at that time.Xu Shichang left the northeast provinces partly because his administration was criticized repeatedly,and the event of expelling Yuan Shikai objectively expedited his pace of resignation and striving for a position in the central government.As far as the Qing government was concerned,the internal use of Xu achieved two things at one stroke:first,conforming to the requirement of public opinion and meanwhile taking Xu’s emotion into account;and second,putting Xu’s talents to fill the job vacancy of the Ministry of Postal Communication while monitoring and supervising him.This event showed that Zaifeng was devoted to eliminating the uneasy mood pervasive in the officialdom after expelling Yuan Shikai and fostering ministers for his Privy Council(Junjichu,军机处)under the background of power transfer and the withering of old ministers at the turn of Guangxu and Xuantong’s reigns.The transfer of Xi Liang from Yunnan to the three northeast provinces was mainly because his governance ability was deeply trusted and appreciated by Zaifeng.Besides,his honest and self-disciplined conduct,his repeated request for being removed,as well as his Mongolian identity and non-attachment also added important weight.

关 键 词：徐世昌 锡良 载沣 驱袁事件 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]