儒者之刑名:清代省例立法基础的再思考——基于儒家元典对《福建省例》的文本解读  

Xingming Affairs of Confucians:Ruminations on the Legislative Basis of Shengli in the Qing Dynasty:A Close Text Reading of Fujian Shengli Based on the Confucian Classics

作　　者：魏淑民[1] Wei Shumin

机构地区：[1]河南省社会科学院历史与考古研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《史学月刊》2020年第9期72-78,共7页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：中国古代地方性法规源远流长,清代省例是其集大成阶段。关于清代省例的立法基础,首先是"因地立法、制与事宜"的基本原则。亦有研究指出,清代省例并非各地社风民俗的集中反映,更多体现了官员个人及其群体的利益和经验。基于儒家元典角度,通过对《福建省例》的文本细读,发现督抚、两司等省级司法主体对闽省民风习俗很是重视,相关告示禁约基于儒家伦理往往具有浓郁的教化色彩,在申饬教化的同时甚或存有某种同情之理解(其情可恶,其愚可矜)。本地风俗人情和官僚集团的利益经验,犹如一个硬币的两面,共同构成以省例为代表的地方性法规的立法基础。研究方法上,当在尽可能广泛搜求史料基础上,多依据元典进行文本细读,以求更多与历史当事人的精神世界同频共振。The local laws and regulations have a very long history in ancient China and Shengli(省例)of the Qing dynasty is an agglomeration of them.When it comes to the legislative basis of Shengli,the basic principal should be adjusting legal provisions to local conditions(因地立法、制与事宜).A recent study,however,puts forward the view that Shengli is the representation of local officials’experiences and benefits rather than a reflection of local folk customs.On the basis of Confucian classics and a close reading of Fujian Shengli(福建省例),this paper discovers that the provincial governors of Fujian paid much attention to various kinds of local customs and even showed some sympathetic understanding which was reflected in their prohibition notices to the general public.The priority of these prohibition notices was to civilize the masses instead of punishing them.This,therefore,means the officials’benefits and experiences,as well as the local customs jointly constituted the legislative basis of local laws and regulations whose representation was Shengli in the Qing dynasty.As far as research method is concerned,based on an extensive collection of data,we should conduct a close text reading in accordance with the Confucian classics,so as to have a resonance with the spiritual world of the historical figures.

关 键 词：清代 省例 福建 立法基础 儒家元典 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学] D927[历史地理—中国史]