早期国家的强制力与法律运行模式——以古代冰岛共和国“资格刑”为研究对象  

Coercive Force and Law Operation Mode of the Early States—Taking the Outlaws of the Ancient Icelandic Commonwealth as the Research Object

作　　者：朱桉成 ZHU An-cheng(School of Law,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第5期44-49,共6页Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：在传统的国家与法律关系理论研究中,容易脱离具体的社会经济生产力背景,过于强调国家公权强制力对法律运行的单方面保障作用,或者将其视为法律运行的唯一保障机制。古代冰岛共和国作为早期国家,正处于生产力不发达、国家机器不完善、公共强制力薄弱的阶段,但古冰岛共和国的立法者却结合社会经济背景,制定了以“资格刑”为代表的法律法规,通过树立立法与司法权威并运用多种手段调动社会力量积极性的方式,在国家公权难以垄断强制力使用权的情况下,维持了社会秩序基本稳定。研究古代冰岛共和国相关法律制度,有助于探讨强制力薄弱的早期国家法律的具体运行模式,进一步加深我们对国家与法律真正关系的认识。Traditional academic theories about the relationship between the state and the law tend to be divorced from the specific background of social and economic productivity and place too much emphasis on the single safeguard effect of the state's public legal force on the operation of the law,without considering the reaction that the law can produce.The ancient Icelandic commonwealth,as an early state,was in a stage of underdeveloped productivity,imperfect state machinery,and weak public coercion.However,the legislators formulated laws and regulations represented by“outlaws”in light of the socioeconomic background.Through the establishment of legislative and judicial authority and the use of various means to mobilize the enthusiasm of social forces,the basic stability of the social order has been maintained when the state's public power cannot monopolize the right to use coercive force.The study of the relevant legal system of the ancient Icelandic commonwealth will help us to explore the specific operation mode of law in the early countries with limited law enforcement,and further deepen our understanding of the real relationship between the state and the law.

关 键 词：早期国家 古代冰岛共和国 资格刑 法律强制力 法律运行 

分 类 号：D908[政治法律—法学理论]