多元赔偿责任论  

Theory of Multiple Compensation Liability

作　　者：李承亮[1] LI Chengliang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2020年第5期77-89,共13页Law Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2017年年度项目“知识产权法定赔偿量化指标体系构建研究(项目编号:17BFX115)”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：侵权利润、许可使用费与损失之间并无必然联系,侵权利润和许可使用费并非间接估算损失的依据。侵权利润标准和许可使用费标准都是独立于损失标准的赔偿标准。我国《民法典》第1182条对多元赔偿标准采用的选择权模式应当推广到其他多元赔偿标准相关规定中。在现行法律框架下,侵权利润赔偿和许可使用费赔偿的请求权基础并无讨论的必要和空间,二者与损失赔偿一样,都属于侵权赔偿责任的具体类型。对于侵权利润赔偿和许可使用费赔偿而言,被侵权人受到的损失仅仅决定责任是否成立,而不决定赔偿的数额。赔偿责任的多元化使原本仅具损害填补功能的赔偿责任具备了利润剥夺功能和得利返还功能。与侵权利润、许可使用费相互替代的实际损失特指可得利益损失,可得利益损失以外的损失需要在实际损失、侵权利润、许可使用费之外另行计赔。惩罚性赔偿的计算基准只包括可得利益损失以及替代可得利益损失的侵权利润和许可使用费,不包括可得利益损失以外的损失。There is no necessary connection between infringement profits, license fees and losses, and infringement profits and license fees are not the basis for indirect estimation of losses. Both the infringement profit standard and the license fee standard are independent compensation standards from the loss standard. Selection models adopted in Article 1182 of the Civil Code for multiple compensation standards should be extended to other relevant provisions on multiple compensation standards. Under the current legal framework, there is no need to discuss the basis of claims for compensation for infringement profits and compensation for license fees. Both of them, like compensation for losses, belong to specific types of tort compensation liability. For infringement profit compensation and license fee compensation, the loss suffered by the infringed only determines whether the liability is established, not the amount of compensation. The diversification of compensation liability makes the compensation liability, which used to only have the function of compensation for damage, possess the function of depriving profits and returning benefits. The actual loss that can be replaced by the infringement profit and the license fee specifically refers to the loss of available benefits. Losses other than the loss of available benefits need to be calculated separately in addition to the actual loss, infringement profit, and license fee. The calculation basis of punitive damages includes only the loss of available benefits and infringement profits and license fees that replace the loss of available benefits, and does not include losses other than the loss of available benefits.

关 键 词：多元赔偿标准 侵权利润 许可使用费 利润剥夺型赔偿 得利返还型赔偿 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]