钛合金切削用磷酸酯类添加剂润滑特性及有机碱复配研究  

Lubrication of Phosphate Esters as Titanium Alloy Cutting Fluid Additives and Compound of Organic Alkali

作　　者：杨晔[1] 司丽娜 王岩[2] 张晨辉[2] YANG Ye;SI Li-na;WANG Yan;ZHANG Chen-hui(North China University of Technology,Beijing 100144,China;Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北方工业大学,北京100144 [2]清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《表面技术》2020年第9期53-60,共8页Surface Technology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金青年项目(3204037);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB2002204);北方工业大学科研启动基金(110051360002)。

摘　　要：目的提高水基润滑液对钛合金的润滑抗磨性能。方法针对钛合金/硬质合金摩擦副,使用SRV往复式球盘摩擦磨损实验机,测试了常用的三种切削液及四种水溶性磷酸酯溶液的摩擦磨损效果。通过三维白光干涉形貌仪与扫描电子显微镜对磨损表面形貌及磨痕内外能谱进行检测,分析磨损机理及润滑性能,探究对钛合金具有高效润滑作用的水溶性添加剂,并通过有机碱调节溶液的pH,复配适用于钛合金的润滑体系。结果对铝合金具有很好润滑作用的切削油对钛合金润滑效果很差,而所选水基润滑液效果较好。研究发现,四种水溶性磷酸酯溶液在质量分数为2%时即可对钛合金产生较好的润滑效果,其中,脂肪醇醚磷酸酯(MOA-3P)润滑效果最突出,摩擦系数最低(0.15),且稳定、粘着磨损最少。通过二甘醇胺及三乙醇胺调节磷酸酯溶液pH至碱性,除支链烷基化磷酸酯(CP-NF-3)溶液外,其他溶液的摩擦系数均有所变大,且波动性增强,而CP-NF-3磷酸酯碱性溶液润滑时,摩擦系数变化很小,稳定在0.2左右。结论水溶性磷酸酯与适当的有机碱复配的润滑液,可实现对钛合金的良好润滑,用于钛合金水基切削液体系的研发。The work aims to improve the lubricating and anti-wear ability of water-based lubricant to titanium alloys.The frictional properties of three kinds of traditional cutting fluids and four kinds of water-soluble organic phosphate esters for titanium alloy/tungsten carbide tribo-pair were investigated by a ball-on-disc sliding frictional apparatus.Furthermore,the wear surface morphology and internal and external energy spectrum of wear marks were detected by three-dimensional white light interference topography and scanning electron microscope,the wear mechanism and lubrication performance were analyzed,and the water-soluble additives with high efficiency lubrication for titanium alloy were explored.The pH of solution was adjusted by organic alkali,and the lubrication system suitable for titanium alloy was compounded.Cutting oil with good lubrication effect on aluminum alloy,had poor effect on titanium alloy,while the selected water-based lubricant had better lubrication effect.The four kinds of water-soluble phosphate solutions could produce better lubrication effect on titanium alloy when the mass concentration was 2%.Fatty alcohol ether phosphate(MOA-3P)had the most outstanding lubrication effect,the lowest friction coefficient(0.15),the good stability and the least adhesive wear.The pH of phosphate solution was adjusted to alkalinity by diethylene glycol amine and triethanolamine,and the friction coefficient of all solutions except the branched alkylated phosphate solution(CP-NF-3)increased and the fluctuation was large.However,when the alkaline solution of CP-NF-3 phosphate was used for lubrication,the friction coefficient changed little and stabilized at about 0.2.The lubricant compounded with watersoluble phosphate ester and appropriate organic alkali can realize good lubrication of titanium alloy,and can be used in the research and development of titanium alloy water-based cutting fluid system.

关 键 词：钛合金 水基润滑 磷酸酯 有机碱 减摩抗磨 润滑机理 

分 类 号：TH117.2[机械工程—机械设计及理论]