环境损害中有毒有害气体检测方法概述  

Overview on Methods for Detecting the Gases Toxic and/or Harmful to Environment

作　　者：接强 李少元 王芳琳[1] 栾玉静[1] 董颖[1] 黄健[1] 崔冠峰[1] JIE Qiang;LI Shaoyuan;WANG Fanglin;LUAN Yujing;DONG Ying;HUANG Jian;CUI Guanfeng(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2020年第5期448-453,共6页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1602705);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019JB041)。

摘　　要：环境损害是指由于自然原因或人类生产、生活等行为活动,造成的不利于人类活动的环境变化。其中环境污染和环境破坏是最重要的两种形式。有毒有害气体的产生是造成环境污染的重要污染源之一。因此,对有毒有害气体进行检测对于有效防控和打击环境犯罪具有非常重要的意义。本文重点介绍了当前有毒有害气体的检测方法,汇总分析了化学分析法、传感器技术、仪器分析法在有毒有害气体检测领域中的应用和研究进展,并分析了这些方法的特点,对这些方法未来的发展方向进行了展望。最后本文汇总了气体检测相关行业标准,从公安机关打击环境犯罪的特殊性和需求角度出发,分析了目前相关检测标准在打击环境犯罪领域的适用性,并展望了打击环境犯罪工作对检测方法未来的发展需求。Environmental damage is the environmental maleficent changes that arise from natural events or human activities(e.g.,volcanic eruption,human production and living),generally not conducive to human life and subsistence.Environmental pollution and/or wrecking are most deleterious to life sustainment,often resulting in toxic and harmful gases releasing to cause serious environmental damage.Therefore,the detection of toxic and harmful gases is of great significance for both the effective environmental protection and combating against environmental crimes.Here,the toxic and harmful gases were expounded of their classification and hazards,with the three industries,coal,petrochemicals and pharmaceutical,being selected as the representatives for illustration.This paper puts the focus on the current methods to detect the toxic and harmful gases,emphasizing the applications and research progresses of chemical analysis approaches,sensor technologies and instrumental analysis.Through the explanation on the principles and specifics of the methods mentioned above,the latest progressions were therewith summarized and discussed into the relevant methods about their developing direction,demonstrating the instrumental analysis maintaining such unique advantages as high sensitivity,good selectivity,fast response and easy operation.Truly,the instrumental analysis has been widely used for detection of toxic and harmful gases.Finally,the related industry standards were introduced on gas detection.From the perspective of the particularity and requirements for public security to fight environmental crimes,the current relevant detection standards were parsed of their applicability.Moreover,the future demand of detection methods was also prospected.Only a method being established of suitability for different environmental crime scenes to detect not merely single but also the mixed toxic and harmful gases,can a better technical support provide for combating against environmental crimes.

关 键 词：环境损害 有毒有害气体 环境污染 检测方法 气体检测标准 

分 类 号：DF795.1[医药卫生—法医学]