饮用水中三卤甲烷健康风险和净水器净化能力评价  

Health Risk Assessment of Trihalomethanes in Drinking Water and Purification Efficiency of Water Purifiers

作　　者：顾昕 翟洪艳[1] 柏慧 GU Xin;ZHAI Hong-yan;BAI Hui(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300350

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2020年第13期31-37,共7页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0401107)。

摘　　要：对天津市两个供水区域内家用净水器和公共直饮水净水器的使用情况和进出水水质[总大肠菌群、总有机碳(TOC)以及游离余氯、总氯和三卤甲烷(THMs)]进行调查研究,发现净水器进出水内均无总大肠菌群检出,而且家用净水器对游离余氯、总氯、TOC和THMs的净化能力明显优于公共直饮水净水器。30%家用净水器对TOC的去除率达到80%以上,90%家用净水器对游离余氯的去除率达到100%,80%家用净水器对THMs的去除率达到75%以上;80%公共直饮水净水器对TOC的去除率均低于30%,50%公共直饮水净水器对游离余氯的去除率达到100%,40%公共直饮水净水器对THMs的去除率达到50%以上。反渗透净水器对TOC、游离余氯、总氯和THMs的去除效果较超滤净水器更佳。THMs的致癌风险和非致癌风险评价结果表明,饮用水中4种THMs的致癌风险和非致癌风险排序均为二氯一溴甲烷>三氯甲烷>一氯二溴甲烷>三溴甲烷。家用净水器对THMs致癌风险和非致癌风险的控制效果均优于公共直饮水净水器。The usage and influent and effluent water quality[total coliforms,total organic carbon(TOC),free residual chlorine,total chlorine and trihalomethanes(THMs)]of household water purifiers and public drinking water purifiers in two water supply areas in Tianjin were investigated.No coliform was detected in influent and effluent of the purifiers.Compared to public drinking water purifiers,household water purifiers showed better removal efficiencies of free residual chlorine,total chlorine,TOC,and THMs.For household water purifiers,the removal efficiency of TOC from 30%of the purifiers reached above 80%,the removal efficiency of free residual chlorine from 80%of the purifiers reached 100%,and the removal efficiency of THMs from 80%of the purifiers reached above 75%.For public drinking water purifiers,the removal efficiency of TOC from 80%of the purifiers was lower than 30%,the removal efficiency of free residual chlorine from 50%of the purifiers reached 100%,and the removal efficiency of THMs from 40%of the purifiers reached above 50%.Moreover,water purifiers with reverse osmosis membrane exhibited higher removal efficiencies of TOC,free residual chlorine,total chlorine and THMs than those of purifiers with ultrafiltration membrane.According to analysis results of the health risk model of THMs,the order of carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of four THMs was BDCM(bromodichloromethane)>TCM(trichloromethane)>DBCM(dibromochloromethane)>TBM(tribromomethane).The control effect of carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of household water purifiers was better than those of public drinking water purifiers.

关 键 词：饮用水 家用净水器 公共直饮水 三卤甲烷 健康风险 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]