不同种植密度和施肥水平下湖北二季晚粳群体物质生产特征及其与产量形成的关系  

Matter production characteristics of two-season late japonica populations with different planting densities and fertilizer levels in Hubei Province and their relationships with yield

作　　者：杨罗浩 彭福燕 高俊阳 翁玉林 姚璇 涂军明 杨特武[1] YANG Luohao;PENG Fuyan;GAO Junyang;WENG Yulin;YAO Xuan;TU Junmin;YANG Tewu(Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Huanggang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hubei Province,Huanggang 438000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业农村部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,武汉430070 [2]湖北省黄冈市农业科学研究院,黄冈438000

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2020年第5期76-84,共9页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0301402)。

摘　　要：为建立二季晚粳高产栽培技术,促进湖北省“早籼-晚粳”种植模式的发展,以鄂粳403为材料,在2种大田种植密度(28.3万和37.6万穴/hm^2)和5个施氮水平(0、165、195、225、255 kg/hm^2)下比较了其产量形成的差异,并运用Gompertz方程对群体叶面积指数和地上部生物学产量增长动态及其特征参数进行了模拟。结果表明:二季晚粳产量主要决定于施肥量,而受种植密度的影响较小,说明其群体具有较强的自我调节能力。在适宜施肥水平下,单位面积有效穗数和群体生物学产量显著提高,进而增加经济产量。在本试验条件下,二季晚粳适宜施氮量为225 kg/hm^2。群体高效物质生产能力取决于其较高的干物质生产速率和较长的干物质快速积累期,并以快速建立起适宜叶面积指数为基础。高产群体具有较高的叶面积指数增长速率和较短的叶面积指数快速增长期。依据二次曲线模型提出了二季晚粳各阶段适宜的群体叶面积指数和干物质生产量,可为其高产群体的建立提供参考。A randomized complete block(RCB)design field experiment of Ejing 403 with 2 transplanting densities(283000 and 376000 hills/hm^2)and 5 fertilizer(N)levels(0,165,195,225 and 255 kg/hm^2)was conducted to establish the high-yield cultivation techniques of two-season late japonica and promote“early indica-late japonica”plantation pattern in Hubei Province.Rice yield under different treatments was investigated and the dynamics and characteristics of leaf area index(LAI)growth and aboveground dry matter production in different populations were simulated with Gompertz equation.The results showed that the yield was significantly affected by fertilizer level but not by planting density,indicating that the populations of two-season late japonica has strong self-regulation ability.The appropriate nitrogen level for japonica tested was 225 kg/hm^2.The effective panicle number and dry matter production per hectare were significantly increased at appropriate fertilizer level and thus promoted the economic yield.The high matter production depended on the higher accumulation speed and longer fast accumulation period,which were based on the rapid establishment of the appropriate LAI in the populations with high yield.The populations with higher yield had higher LAI growth speed but shorter fast growth period.The suitable population LAI and biomass production at different stages were proposed based on the modeling by quadratic equations.It will provide a guideline for establishing high-yield populations of two-season late Japonica.

关 键 词：二季晚粳 籼改粳 群体结构 产量 施肥水平 种植密度 

分 类 号：S511.22.01[农业科学—作物学]