半夏间作玉米对半夏生长及药材质量的影响  

Effects of Pinellia ternate-corn intercropping on growth and medicinal quality of Pinellia ternata

作　　者：朱振兴 包婉玉 江林波 钟淑梅 马毅平 舒少华[1] ZHU Zhenxing;BAO Wanyu;JIANG Linbo;ZHONG Shumei;MA Yiping;SHU Shaohua(College of Plant Science & Technology of Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Jingheyuan Ecological Agriculture Co.,Ltd.,Shayang 448200,China;Jiuxin Institute of Chinese Medicine of Jointown Pharmaceutical Group,Wuhan 430050,China;Hubei Fruit & Tea Office,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北荆禾源生态农业有限公司,沙洋448200 [3]九州通医药集团九信中药研究院,武汉430050 [4]湖北省果茶办公室,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2020年第5期85-92,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC1700704);湖北省重大科技项目(2017ACA175);湖北省农业科技创新行动计划。

摘　　要：为探究间作玉米对半夏生长及药材质量的影响,在固定半夏播种密度条件下,设置玉米宽窄行和等行2种间作方式并分别设置35、50和65 cm 3种株距,分析间作玉米条件下半夏生长环境的改变、半夏生长状况、间作系统的土地当量比和种间竞争力以及半夏产量和药材质量的变化。结果表明:随着玉米种植密度的增加,半夏冠层光照强度降低,半夏叶面温度降低,土壤温度降低;间作玉米显著增加了半夏主叶叶面积、半夏出土部分叶柄长及半夏叶片SPAD值;间作系统中土地当量比增加,玉米竞争力强于半夏;间作玉米显著提高了半夏产量以及千粒重,其中以玉米35 cm株距等行间作下半夏产量最高,较半夏单作增产44%;间作玉米下的半夏药材质量和对照无显著性差异,均符合药典要求。间作玉米可为半夏提供更好的生长环境,增强半夏生长势,提高半夏产量。Under normal Pinellia sowing density,two intercropping methods including corn wide-narrow rows and equal rows and three corn planting distances including 35,50,and 65 cm were conducted to study the changes of Pinellia ternata growing environment,growth,yield and quality of P.ternate.The land equivalent ratio and interspecies competitiveness under the intercropping system were analyzed.The results showed that the leaf surface temperature,the soil temperature and the canopy light intensity of P.ternata were decreased with the increase of corn planting density in P.ternate/Corn intercropping system.Compared with the control,the leaf surface temperature of P.ternata decreased by 6.8℃,and the soil temperature decreased by 4.3℃.whereas the main leaf area,petiole length and SPAD value of P.ternata were significantly(P<0.05)increased in the intercropping system.The growth index of corn with a 35 cm equal rows plant spacing is the best compared with the control.The main leaf area,petiole length and the SPAD value increased by 4.85 cm^2,2.25 cm and 8.5,respectively.The land equivalent ratio in the intercropping system increased.Corn was more competitive than P.ternate.Intercropping corn significantly increased yield and single tuber weight of P.ternata.Under the condition of corn with a 35 cm equal rows plant spacing,the yield of P.ternata was the highest,with an increase of 44%compared with P.ternata monoculture.There is no significant difference in the medicinal quality of P.ternata under the intercropping corn,which meets the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

关 键 词：半夏 玉米 间作方式 种植密度 生长环境 种间竞争力 产量 药材质量 

分 类 号：S344.2[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S567.239[农业科学—农艺学]